An HIV Vaccine Preparedness Study

Inclusion Criteria Participants meet the following criteria: * HIV-seronegative. * Available for 6 months of the study. (Note: * Participants who plan to move from one study location to another are eligible.) * Willing and able to provide information for locator purposes. * Report one or more of the following risk behaviors: For men: * Intravenous or intramuscular injection of any drug on an average of 3 or more days per week during the last 3 months. * Anal intercourse (receptive or insertive) with one or more other men in the last year. For women: * Intravenous or intramuscular injection of any drug on an average of 3 or more days per week during the last 3 months. * Having a current male sex partner who is infected with HIV. * Having a current male sex partner who has injected drugs in the last 5 years. * Having 5 or more male sex partners in the last year. * Diagnosis of syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, first episode herpes, pelvic inflammatory disease, and/or trichomoniasis in the last year. * Exchange of sex for money or drugs in the last year. * Use of crack cocaine in the last 12 months. See General Inclusion Criteria for required risk behaviors. Volunteers must be: * HIV-positive through HIVNET testing or HIV-seronegative by EIA. * Presently in a sexual relationship of at least 6 months duration with the intention to remain with this partner for the duration of the study. * Willing to identify and recruit this sexual partner to which he/she has disclosed or will disclose HIV serostatus. * Willing to receive counseling and HIV testing (HIV-seronegative partners only). * Willing to agree to be interviewed with their partner and individually. * Willing to continue engaging in sex with their partner. * Willing to participate in a couples-based condom promotion intervention. * Willing and able to attend each scheduled intervention/follow-up study visit. Exclusion Criteria Co-existing Condition: Persons with the following symptoms or conditions are excluded: * An obvious psychological or psychiatric disorder that would preclude provision of informed consent or otherwise contraindicate study participation. * Any condition which in the opinion of the principal investigator would interfere with achieving the study objectives. Men at risk through anal intercourse only are excluded if they: * Currently have a single HIV-seronegative partner with whom they have been in a mutually monogamous relationship for at least 2 years. Men and women at risk through injection only are excluded if they: * Have been participating in any methadone drug treatment program for at least the last 6 months. * Currently obtain over 50 percent of needles/syringes for injection of drugs from a needle exchange program. NOTE: * Meeting the following extremely high injection risk criteria overrides the exclusion criteria for injection risk as outlined above: * Using a needle or syringe after one or more known HIV-positive persons 2 or more times in the past 3 months. * Using a needle or syringe after persons of unknown HIV status in the past 3 months provided the following two conditions are true: * (1) report using a needle or syringe after someone else 2 or more different times in the past 3 months and (2) report using a needle or syringe after 3 or more different persons in the past 3 months. (This second criterion could be met in 3 episodes of injection with a single injection partner, if the participant used a needle or syringe after a different person each time. Alternatively, the criterion could be met in a single episode of injection, if the participant used a needle or syringe after 3 or more persons had used a single set of works.) Concurrent Medication: Excluded: * Enrollment in an HIV vaccine trial, unless approval is obtained from the Data Management Committee Project Officer. Risk Behavior: * See General Exclusion Criteria for excluded risk behaviors.