This study will examine how a rare disease called Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) affects people and how they change over time. SMS is caused by a small chromosome 17p11.2 deletion (missing piece). The syndrome is associated with distinct physical, developmental and behavioral characteristics, but it is not fully understood. To learn more about this disease, a multidisciplinary research team will study: * The range and type of medical, behavioral, and learning problems of people with SMS * The deletion of chromosome 17p11.2 to find the gene or genes that cause SMS * Whether certain specific genetic changes cause certain specific medical problems * What signs and symptoms must be present to make a diagnosis of SMS * The impact that a child with SMS has on his or her family members. Patients of all ages with SMS may be eligible for this study. They will be evaluated by a team of medical specialists at the NIH Clinical Center over the course of several days. Parents of patients will be asked to provide copies of past medical records and tests results for review. They will provide a family medical history and information on the child s prenatal, developmental, behavioral and medical histories. The study may involve the following evaluations: physical, neurological and psychological exams; ear, nose and throat evaluation; speech, language and swallowing evaluation; hearing test; eye examination; imaging studies (e.g., X-rays, ultrasound, MRI); developmental and behavioral assessment; rehabilitation evaluation with gait (walking) analysis; urinalysis, blood, and/or skin cell studies; sleep study; other consultations as required. A tissue sample (blood or cheek swab or skin biopsy) may be taken for genetic studies. To obtain a cheek swab, a small brush is rubbed against the inside of the cheek to wipe off some cells. For a skin biopsy, a small area of skin is numbed with a local anesthetic and a small circle of skin, usually about 1/8 inch, is removed with a biopsy tool. Parents may be asked to complete questionnaires about their child s growth and development, therapies, medications, sleep, development and behavioral concerns. They also may be asked to bring their child to NIH for follow-up visits every 6 months to 3 years, depending on the child s age. The purpose of these visits is to see how the child changes over time and to conduct additional tests. Parents may also be asked to enroll their child in a SMS Research Registry and provide tissue samples for a SMS Research Core Tissue Bank. The research registry is a confidential database of individuals diagnosed with SMS. Its purpose is to facilitate SMS research initiatives and promote the development of improved treatments for SMS. Enrollment requires completing a 30-minute questionnaire. The tissue bank stores tissue cultures and cell lines created for future SMS research. About 2 teaspoons of blood are drawn from adult patients and 1 to 3 teaspoons from children, depending on their size. Tissue samples can be obtained by skin biopsy or during a scheduled surgical procedure.
This project investigates the clinical manifestations and molecular genetic defects of Smith-Magenis Syndrome (SMS), a rare (1/15,000 1/25,000) clinically recognizable yet often under diagnosed multiple congenital anomaly/intellectual disability (MCA/ID) syndrome (OMIM #182290). The syndrome is characterized by a distinct pattern of minor craniofacial and skeletal anomalies, expressive speech/language delays, psychomotor and growth retardation, and a striking neurobehavioral phenotype that includes a circadian sleep disorder. The majority of cases (\~90%) are due to de novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 17p11.2 that includes the RAI1 (retinoic acid induced 1) gene; however, heterozygous RAI1 mutations account for about 10% of cases. While clinical variability exists, haploinsufficiency of RAI1 (by deletion or mutation) is believed to be responsible for most of the common features that characterize the syndrome. Individuals with confirmed or clinically suspected SMS, their parents, and/or unaffected siblings will be enrolled in this comprehensive longitudinal natural history study. An NIH interdisciplinary SMS Research Team (SMS-RT) of clinical and basic science researchers, in collaboration with extramural investigators, will conduct comprehensive clinical and molecular analyses to delineate the physiological, developmental (cognitive), behavioral, biochemical, and cellular processes that characterize the syndrome. The protocol aims to: characterize the phenotypic variability, natural history and underlying pathophysiology of SMS; delineate the neurobehavioral phenotype with respect to sleep disturbance, cognition, mood and maladaptive behaviors and sensory processing dysfunction; investigate the physiologic and functional aspects specifically underlying delays in speech/language and motor development; explore genotype/phenotype correlations to identify gene(s) or modifiers that contribute to phenotypic variability; determine potential intervention and therapeutic strategies likely to improve outcome; and evaluate the psychosocial impact of SMS on the family system. Offsite enrollment of two pediatric comparison groups to participate in the Home Assessment of Sleep (HAS) are also enrolled: 1) unaffected siblings/control group; and 2) a DD/ID-comparison group of children with developmental/intellectual disabilities associated with sleep disturbances.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
593
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
Bethesda, Maryland, United States
Natural History
The major objective of this project is to investigate the clinical and molecular manifestations, phenotypic variability, natural history and pathogenesis of Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS).
Time frame: Ongoing
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