Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Colony-stimulating Factors in Treating Women With Breast Cancer

NCIC Clinical Trials Group2,104 enrolled

Overview

RATIONALE: 1. . To compare the effects on breast cancer of three different combinations of drugs which are commonly used to treat this disease. 2. . It is not yet known which treatment regimen is most effective for breast cancer. PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy given with or without epoetin alfa in treating women who have undergone surgery for stage I, stage II, or stage III breast cancer.

OBJECTIVES: Primary * Compare the disease-free survival of premenopausal or early postmenopausal women with previously resected node positive or high-risk node negative stage I-IIIB breast cancer treated with cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil vs cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, filgrastim (G-CSF), and epoetin alfa followed by paclitaxel vs cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin followed by paclitaxel. Secondary * Compare the overall survival of patients treated with these regimens. * Compare the rate of toxic effects of these regimens in this patient population. * Compare the quality of life of patients treated with these regimens. OUTLINE: This is a randomized, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to number of positive nodes (0 vs 1-3 vs 4-10 vs more than 10), type of prior surgery (total vs partial mastectomy), and estrogen receptor status (positive vs negative). Patients are randomized to one of three treatment arms. * Arm I: Patients receive epirubicin IV and fluorouracil IV on days 1 and 8 and oral cyclophosphamide on days 1-14. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 6 courses. * Arm II: Patients receive epirubicin IV and cyclophosphamide IV on day 1 and filgrastim (G-CSF) subcutaneously (SC) on days 2-13. Patients with a hemoglobin \< 13.0 g/dL also receive epoetin alfa SC once weekly beginning within 1 week after the start of therapy and continuing as needed. Treatment repeats every 14 days for 6 courses. Beginning 21 days after completion of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide, patients receive paclitaxel IV over 3 hours on day 1 and G-CSF and epoetin alfa as above. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 4 courses. * Arm III: Patients receive doxorubicin IV over 15 minutes and cyclophosphamide IV over 15 minutes on day 1. Treatment repeats every 21 days for 4 courses. Beginning 21 days after completion of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, patients receive paclitaxel as in arm II. Treatment in all arms continues in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. All receptor positive patients receive oral tamoxifen or anastrozole (if tamoxifen is contraindicated) for 5 years after completion of chemotherapy. Quality of life is assessed at baseline, day 1 of cycles 2, 3 4 and 6 (arm I), days 1 of cycles 3 and and day 1 of cycles 1 and 4 of paclitaxel (arm II), day 1 of cycles 2 and 3, day 1 of cycles 1 and 4 of paclitaxel, (arm III), 9 months, 12 months, and then annually thereafter until 5 years Patients are followed at 9 months, 12 months, every 4 months for 1 year, every 6 months for 3 years, and then annually thereafter. PROJECTED ACCRUAL: A total of 2,100 patients (700 per treatment arm) will be accrued for this study within 4 years.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

2,104

Conditions

Breast Cancer

Interventions

epoetin alfaBIOLOGICAL

40,000 IU

filgrastimBIOLOGICAL

5 mg/kg/d - days 2-13

cyclophosphamideDRUG

75, 600 and 830 mg/m2

doxorubicin hydrochloride

Eligibility

Sex: FEMALEMax age: 60 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: * Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the breast that is potentially curable * T0-4 (dermal involvement on pathology assessment only), N0-2, M0 * No clinical T4 disease * Previously treated with one of the following: * Total mastectomy and level II axillary node dissection * Partial mastectomy and level II axillary node dissection with planned breast radiotherapy after completion of adjuvant chemotherapy regimen\* * Patients with a positive sentinel node biopsy must undergo level II axillary node dissection or sufficient nodal sampling * If microscopic residual in situ or invasive disease is present at total or partial mastectomy margins, planned radiotherapy must also include a boost to the tumor bed * No residual tumor in the axilla after dissection * Axillary node positive * Negative nodes allowed if the tumor is ≥ 1 cm and 1 or more of the following criteria defining high-risk node-negative disease are met: * Histological grade III or, * Estrogen receptor negative or, * Lymphatic/vascular invasion * Hormone receptor status: * Estrogen receptor status known PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: Age: * 60 and under Sex: * Female Menopausal status: * Pre- or postmenopausal Performance status: * ECOG 0-2 Life expectancy: * At least 5 years Hematopoietic: * WBC ≥ 3,000/mm\^3 * Platelet count ≥ 100,000/mm\^3 Hepatic: * Bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) Renal: * Creatinine ≤ 1.5 times ULN Cardiovascular: * LVEF ≥ limit of normal by MUGA or echocardiogram * No arrhythmia requiring ongoing treatment * No congestive heart failure * No documented coronary artery disease Other: * No other malignancy except: * Adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of the cervix * Ductal or lobular carcinoma in situ that has been curatively treated by surgery alone * Other prior malignancies (except breast cancer) curatively treated more than 5 years prior to study entry * No serious underlying medical illness or psychiatric or addictive disorder that would preclude study compliance * No known hypersensitivity to E. coli-derived products, mammalian-cell derived products, or any study agents * Not pregnant or nursing * Negative pregnancy test * Fertile patients must use effective non-hormonal contraception PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: Biologic therapy: * No prior immunotherapy for breast cancer * No concurrent pegfilgrastim or darbepoetin alfa (Arm II) * Allowed on arms 1 and 3 if medically necessary Chemotherapy: * No prior chemotherapy for breast cancer Endocrine therapy: * No prior hormonal therapy for breast cancer * No concurrent hormone replacement therapy * No concurrent selective estrogen-receptor modulators (e.g., raloxifene for the treatment or prevention of osteoporosis) * No concurrent oral contraceptives (i.e., birth control pills) * No other concurrent aromatase inhibitors Radiotherapy: * See Disease Characteristics * No prior radiotherapy for breast cancer Surgery: * See Disease Characteristics * No more than 12 weeks since prior total or partial mastectomy (including re-excision of margins) Other: * At least 30 days since prior investigational drugs * No other concurrent investigational drugs * Concurrent bisphosphonates for the treatment or prevention of osteoporosis allowed

Locations (78)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Disease Free Survival

Disease free survival was defined as the time from randomization to the time of recurrence of the primary disease. Local or nodal recurrence and metastatic disease were considered a recurrence of the primary tumour. Patients who had contralateral breast cancer or a second primary malignancy, or died from some cause other than disease were censored as relapse-free at the time of death. Patients who had not relapsed were censored at longest follow-up or at non-breast cancer death. As required, adjudication was used to assess reports of recurrence.

Time frame: 13 years

Secondary Outcomes

Overall Survival

Overall survival was defined as the time from randomization to the time of death from any cause, with censoring at longest follow-up.

Time frame: 13 years

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

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