The purpose of this study was to determine if an idiotype vaccine, made from a patient's lymphoma that has returned after chemotherapy and/or rituximab, would be able to shrink their tumor.
The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of active immunotherapy to induce tumor regressions in relapsed low-grade lymphoma. B-cell malignancies express a unique antigen, the immunoglobulin idiotype (Id), on their surface. Each B-cell harbors a unique genetic sequence used in the production of immunoglobulin idiotype. B-cell lymphomas arise from the clonal expansion of a single B-cell and all tumor cells express that unique Id protein. No normal B-cells possess that Id on their cell surface. Hence, Id protein should serve as an ideal target for individualized active immune therapy of NHL. Many of the antigens expressed by tumors (including Id) are only weak immunogens. To augment the immune response against Id, the Id protein must be chemically coupled to a strongly immunogenic protein. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) is a commonly used protein carrier capable of augmenting the body's immune reaction against Id protein. While initial studies reported a predominately humoral (antibody) response, cellular immunity (T-cells) also plays a critical role in anti-tumor immunity. GM-CSF is a hematopoietic growth factor that stimulates T-cell proliferation.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
22
Scripps Stevens Cancer Center
La Jolla, California, United States
University of California San Diego
La Jolla, California, United States
Tower Hematology Oncology Medical Group
Los Angeles, California, United States
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Oncology Associates of San Diego
San Diego, California, United States
Medical Group of North County
Vista, California, United States
University of Florida, Jacksonville
Jacksonville, Florida, United States
Northwestern University
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Henry Ford Hospital
Detroit, Michigan, United States
New York Hospital - Cornell Medical Center
New York, New York, United States
New York Medical College - Our Lady of Mercy Medical Center, Comprehensive Cancer Center
The Bronx, New York, United States
...and 2 more locations