Celecoxib in Preventing Lung Cancer in Former Heavy Smokers

Inclusion Criteria: * Heavy former smokers without prior history of NSCLC * Age \> 45 * Smoked for minimum of 30 pack years * Former smokers with prior curative resection of surgical stage I NSCLC will be recruited and must be: * Age \> 18 * Smoked \> 10 pack years * Must have had pathological staging and the extent of disease documented. At least one nodal station each must have been biopsied and all biopsies must have been negative * At least 6 months post curative resection of Stage I prior NSCLC, without evidence for recurrence or second primary lung cancer * Normal blood chemistry and cell counts * Negative pregnancy test Exclusion Criteria: * Framingham 10-year-risk for coronary artery disease score \> 10% * History of cardiovascular disease * Evidence of diffuse coronary calcification on screening CT * Concurrent use of NSAIDs. The use of cardiac (baby) Aspirin is permitted * Hypersensitivity to celecoxib, sulfonamides, aspirin or other NSAIDs * Liver dysfunction \[abnormally elevated liver function tests \[transaminases (ALT, AST) \> ULN, alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) \> 1.5 ULN\]\] or history of cirrhosis * No peptic ulcer disease (PUD) diagnosis nor active symptoms in the last 2 years or, if PUD was diagnosed \< 2 years, there must be no active symptoms, and endoscopic confirmation of healing * Renal dysfunction \[abnormally elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) \> 1.5 ULN and creatinine \> ULN\] * End state respiratory disease * Unstable angina or a history of significant coronary artery disease * Other malignancies excluding non-melanoma type skin cancer and in situ cervical cancer. Persons with stage I/II head and neck cancer must be disease free for at least 12 months * Pregnancy * Lactation * Unwillingness to practice contraception * On systemic corticoid steroid therapy * Coagulopathy * Use of Coumadin * Concurrent use of medication know to alter or be affected by alteration of hepatic p450 2C9 enzymes. * Patients with concurrent medical conditions that may interfere with completion of tests, therapy, or the follow up schedule * Patients who had received photosensitizing agents such as hematoporphyrin derivative or chemopreventive drugs such as retinoids within 3 months prior to the bronchoscopic procedure, radiotherapy to the chest, or cytotoxic chemotherapy agents * Subject found to have CIS during screening bronchoscopy will be treated with local therapy prior to randomization