Fetal Neurobehavioral Development in Methadone Maintained Pregnancies

Actively enrolled pregnant patients in CAP SA treatment. Inclusion Criteria: * Maternal age 18-40 years * Single intrauterine fetus * Estimated gestational age of 32 weeks * DSMIV criteria for opioid dependence according to e-module of the SCID * Daily methadone maintenance at a stable dose for greater than a week Exclusion Criteria: * Concurrent DSMIV axis I diagnosis that would preclude informed consent procedures (i.e., schizophrenia, major depression) or confound study outcomes (e.g., Alcohol Dependence) * Presence of a serious medical or psychiatric illness requiring chronic medication or other intervention (i.e., HIV infection) that may confound data interpretation * Evidence of preterm labor * Evidence of prescription drug use (e.g., antidepressants, tranquilizers) * Presence of major congenital fetal malformation * Recent use (last month) of other illicit drugs (e.g., cocaine, marijuana) based on self report or positive on-Trak urine drug toxicology at time of actograph sessions * Split methadone dosing schedule