Evaluating the Use of SR34006 Compared to Warfarin or Acenocoumarol in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (AMADEUS)

Inclusion Criteria: * ECG-documented atrial fibrillation (AF) and an indication for long-term vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy based on the presence of at least one of the following risk factors: 1. previous ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA) or systemic embolism 2. hypertension requiring drug treatment 3. left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction \<45% or symptomatic congestive heart failure) 4. age \>75 years 5. age between 65-75 years plus diabetes mellitus, or 6. age between 65-75 years plus symptomatic coronary artery disease (previous myocardial infarction (MI) or angina pectoris) * Written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Legal lower age limitations (country specific) * Indication for VKA other than AF, including prosthetic heart valves, venous thromboembolism, and planned cardioversion * Transient AF caused by a reversible disorder * Active bleeding or high risk of bleeding * Recent (\<15 days) or anticipated invasive procedures with potential for uncontrolled bleeding, including major surgery * Participation in another pharmacotherapeutic study within the prior 30 days * Creatinine clearance \<10 mL/min, severe hepatic disease, or bacterial endocarditis * Uncontrolled hypertension: systolic blood pressure \> 180 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure \> 110 mm Hg * Pregnancy or childbearing potential without proper contraceptive measures * Breastfeeding * Any other contraindication listed in the labeling of warfarin or acenocoumarol