Fludarabine, Rituximab, and Alemtuzumab in Treating Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Overview

This phase II trial is studying how well giving fludarabine together with rituximab followed by alemtuzumab works in treating patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Monoclonal antibodies, such as rituximab and alemtuzumab, can block cancer growth in different ways. Some block the ability of cancer cells to grow and spread. Others can find cancer cells and help kill them or carry cancer-killing substances to them. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as fludarabine, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving fludarabine together with rituximab followed by alemtuzumab may kill more cancer cells.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine the rate of complete response and toxicity of concurrent treatment with fludarabine and rituximab followed by consolidative alemtuzumab in patients with previously untreated, but symptomatic, CLL. II. To determine if alemtuzumab improves the CR rate with acceptable toxicity when administered as consolidation therapy following induction therapy with fludarabine and rituximab. III. To estimate the progression-free and overall survival of high risk (VH gene unmutated and those with p53 dysfunction) and low-risk (others) patients following therapy with fludarabine and rituximab induction and consolidative alemtuzumab. IV. To determine the frequency of molecular (PCR) remission following fludarabine and rituximab induction therapy and alemtuzumab consolidation therapy and if this serves as a surrogate marker for prolonged progression-free and overall survival. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine the effect of concurrent treatment with fludarabine and rituximab followed by consolidative alemtuzumab on recovery of T-cells, NK cells, and serum immunoglobulin levels. II. To determine clinical and molecular features that predict for poor response to fludarabine and rituximab induction and subsequent alemtuzumab consolidation therapy. III. To assess preliminarily the molecular features of CLL at relapse in patients responding to chemoimmunotherapy for CLL. IV. To determine the frequency of patients who remain at high risk for progression of CLL despite this therapy and who are thus eligible for nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation studies such as CALGB 109901. V. To perform limited rituximab pharmacokinetics to determine the ideal schedule of administration for a subsequent rituximab maintenance treatment approach following induction therapy with fludarabine and rituximab. OUTLINE: Patients receive induction therapy comprising rituximab IV over 4 hours on days 1, 3, and 5 of course 1 and day 1 of all subsequent courses and fludarabine IV over 30 minutes on days 1-5. Treatment repeats every 28 days for up to 6 courses in the absence of disease progression. Approximately 4 months after completion of induction therapy, patients achieving a partial response, nodular partial response, or stable disease receive consolidation therapy comprising alemtuzumab subcutaneously on days 1-3. Treatment repeats weekly for up to 6 courses in the absence of disease progression. Patients are followed at 2 months, every 3 months for 1 year, and then every 6 months for 7 years from study entry.