Interluekin-7 to Treat HIV-Infected People Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment

INCLUSION CRITERIA: HIV-1 infection, as documented by any licensed ELISA test kit, and confirmed by Western blot at any time prior to study entry. Current treatment with potent ART, defined as any protease inhibitor (PI)-based or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimen consisting of at least three antiretroviral drugs, for at least 12 months prior to study entry and stable (i.e., no change in dose) for at least 3 months prior to study entry. Note: Changes in a prior potent ART for purposes of simplification to a two-drug regimen that includes a ritonavir (RTV)-boosted PI and efavirenz will be allowed. RTV-boosted PIs will be considered one antiretroviral drug. Screening CD4+ cell count greater than or equal to 100 cells/mm(3) obtained within 3-42 days prior to study entry at any CLIA-certified or equivalent laboratory. Screening HIV-1 RNA less than or equal to 50,000 copies/mL obtained within 3-42 days prior to study entry using an ultrasensitive assay at any CLIA-certified or equivalent laboratory. Note: If HIV-1 RNA is greater than 400 copies/mL, an ultrasensitive assay is not required at screening. Documentation that the pre-entry HIV-1 RNA blood draw was obtained within 2-14 days prior to study entry at any CLIA-certified or equivalent laboratory. Documentation that the pre-entry CD4+/CD8+ blood draw was obtained within 2-14 days prior to study entry at any CLIA-certified or equivalent laboratory. Laboratory values obtained within 3-42 days prior to study entry: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than or equal to 1500/mm(3). Hemoglobin greater than or equal to 10.0 g/dL. Platelet count greater than or equal to 100,000/mm(3). Creatinine less than or equal to 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN). AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase less than or equal to 2 x ULN. Total bilirubin less than or equal to 2.0 x ULN. Serum lipase less than or equal to 1.5 x ULN. Prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time (PT/PTTT) less than 1.5 x ULN. Note: For subjects receiving atazanavir or indinavir, total bilirubin less than or equal to 4.0 x ULN. Female study subjects of reproductive potential (defined as girls who have reached menarche or women who have not been post-menopausal for at least 24 consecutive months, i.e., who have had menses within the preceding 24 months or have not undergone a sterilization procedure (hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy), must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 3-42 days prior to study entry. All study subjects must agree not to participate in a conception process (e.g., active attempt to become pregnant or to impregnate, sperm donation, or in vitro fertilization). If participating in sexual activity that could lead to pregnancy, the study subject must agree that two reliable methods of contraception will be used simultaneously while receiving the protocol-specified medication(s) and for 8 weeks after stopping the medication(s): Condoms (male or female) with or without a spermicidal agent. Condoms are recommended because their appropriate use is the only contraception method effective for preventing HIV transmission. Diaphragm or cervical cap with spermicide. IUD. Hormonal-based contraceptive. Study subjects who are not of reproductive potential (girls who have not reached menarche, women who have been post-menopausal for at least 24 consecutive months, women who have undergone hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy, or prepubescent boys or men who have documented azoospermia) are eligible without requiring the use of contraceptives. Written or oral documentation communicated by clinician or clinician's staff of one of the following: Physician report/letter. Operative report or other source documentation in the subject's record (a laboratory report of azoospermia is required to document successful vasectomy). Discharge summary. Laboratory report of azoospermia. FSH measurement elevated into the menopausal range as established by the reporting laboratory. Karnofsky performance score greater than or equal to 80 obtained within 3-42 days prior to study entry. Men and women age greater than or equal to 18 years. Ability and willingness of subject or legal guardian/representative to give written informed consent. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Any history of AIDS-defining illnesses (Category C) during the 12 months prior to study entry. Category C includes the following conditions: Candidiasis of bronchi, trachea, or lungs; Candidiasis, esophageal; Cervical cancer, invasive; Coccidioidomycosis, disseminated, or extrapulmonary; Cryptococcosis, extrapulmonary; Cryptosporidiosis, chronic intestinal (greater than 1 month's duration); Cytomegalovirus disease (other than live, spleen, or nodes); Cytomegalovirus retinitis (with loss of vision); Encephalopathy, HIV-related; Herpes simplex: chronic ulcer(s) (greater than 1 month's duration); or bronchitis, pneumonitis, or esophagitis; Histoplasmosis, disseminated, or extrapulmonary; Isosporiasis, chronic intestinal (greater than 1 month's duration); Kaposi's sarcoma; Lymphoma, Burkitt's (or equivalent term); Lymphoma, immunoblastic (or equivalent term); Lymphoma, primary, of brain; Mycobacterium avium complex or M. Kansasii, disseminated, or extrapulmonary; M. tuberculosis, any site (pulmonary or extrapulmonary); Mycobacterium, other species, or unidentified species, disseminated, or extrapulmonary; Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; Pneumonia, recurrent; Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; Salmonella septicemia, recurrent; Toxoplasmosis of brain; Wasting syndrome due to HIV. Note: Subjects whose sole AIDS-defining illness is Kaposi's sarcoma limited to the skin and who are not anticipated to require systemic chemotherapy may be allowed into the study after discussion with the protocol chairs. Eligible subjects with a history of any AIDS-defining illness (Category C) (greater than 12 months prior to study entry) will be allowed to enroll as long as their screening CD4+ cell count is greater than or equal to 200 copies/mm(3) and was performed at any CLIA-certified or equivalent laboratory. Palpable lymphadenopathy greater than 2.0 cm. Breast-feeding. Known allergy/sensitivity to study drug or its formulations. Active drug or alcohol use or dependence that, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with adherence to study requirements. Serious illness requiring systemic treatment and/or hospitalization until subject either completes therapy or is clinically stable on therapy, in the opinion of the investigator, for at least 28 days prior to study entry. Use of any interleukins at any time prior to study entry. Use of systemic cancer chemotherapy, systemic investigational agents, or immunomodulators (growth factors, systemic corticosteroids, HIV vaccines, immune globulin, and interferons) within 90 days prior to study entry. Use of heparin within 96 hours prior to study entry or the anticipated need to use heparin within the 96 hours after rhIL-7/placebo injection. History of malignancy (except basal carcinoma of the skin or Kaposi's sarcoma) including any history of hematologic malignancies and lymphomas. Splenomegaly (defined as spleen with cephalocaudad diameter greater than 14 cm on ultrasound) and/or proliferative hematologic diseases. History of hypercoagulability (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism). History of seizure disorder. History of extensive psoriasis, Crohn's disease, uveitis, or other autoimmune disease having induced severe complications. Significant psychiatric, cardiac, pulmonary, thyroid, renal, or neurological (peripheral or central) disease requiring therapy or severe disorders of hemostasis. A resting systolic blood pressure greater than 140 or a resting diastolic blood pressure greater than 90. Note: Blood pressure level must be in the presence of standard anti-hypertensive therapy OR the absence of any anti-hypertensive therapy. Positive hepatitis B surface antigen or positive hepatitis C antibody at screening. Plan to start new ART within 8 weeks after study entry. Lack of adequate venous access and/or inadequate subcutaneous fat tissue that, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with study requirements.