Vaccine Therapy With or Without Cyclophosphamide in Treating Patients Who Have Undergone Surgery for Stage II, Stage III, or Stage IV Melanoma

DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS: * Histologically or cytologically confirmed melanoma * Cutaneous, mucosal, or primary melanoma * Stage IIB-IV disease * Has undergone surgical resection or stereotactic radiosurgery for malignant melanoma ≥ 1 week but ≤ 6 months ago * No clinical or radiological evidence of disease after surgical resection or stereotactic radiosurgery by chest x-ray or CT scan\*, abdominal and pelvic CT scan\*, and head CT scan or MRI NOTE: \*Positron emission tomography scan/CT fusion scan may replace scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis * Must have ≥ 2 intact (undissected) axillary and/or inguinal lymph node basins * HLA-A1, -A2, or -A3 positive AND HLA-DR1, -DR4, -DR11, -DR13, or -DR15 positive * Ineligible for OR refused interferon * No ocular melanoma * Brain metastases allowed provided all of the following criteria are met: * No more than 3 total brain metastases * Each metastasis ≤ 2 cm in diameter at the time of study entry * Each metastasis was completely removed by surgery or treated with stereotactic radiosurgery * No evidence of brain metastasis progression since the most recent treatment PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS: Age * 18 and over Performance status * ECOG 0-1 Life expectancy * Not specified Hematopoietic * Absolute neutrophil count \> 1,000/mm\^3 * Platelet count \> 100,000/mm\^3 * Hemoglobin \> 9 g/dL Hepatic * AST and ALT ≤ 2.5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) * Bilirubin ≤ 2.5 times ULN * Lactic dehydrogenase ≤ 1.5 times ULN * Alkaline phosphatase ≤ 2.5 times ULN * Hepatitis C negative Renal * Creatinine ≤ 1.5 times ULN Cardiovascular * No New York Heart Association class III or IV heart disease Immunologic * HIV negative * No known or suspected allergy to any component of the study vaccines * No autoimmune disorder with visceral involvement * No prior or active autoimmune disorder requiring cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy * The following immunologic conditions are allowed: * Laboratory evidence of autoimmune disease (e.g., positive anti-nuclear antibody titer) without symptoms * Clinical evidence of vitiligo * Other forms of depigmenting illness * Mild arthritis requiring non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Other * Not pregnant or nursing * Negative pregnancy test * Fertile patients must use effective contraception * Weight ≥ 110 lbs * No uncontrolled diabetes * Hemoglobin A1C \< 7% * No medical contraindication or potential problem that would preclude study compliance * No other malignancy except squamous cell or basal cell skin cancer without known metastasis, carcinoma in situ of the breast (ductal or lobular) or cervix, or other successfully treated cancer without distant metastasis with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis for \> 5 years * No known active addiction to alcohol or drugs * No recent (within the past year) or ongoing illicit IV drug use PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY: Biologic therapy * No prior vaccination with any of the synthetic peptides used in this study * Prior vaccinations (containing agents other than the synthetic peptides used in this study) that resulted in recurrent disease during or after vaccine administration allowed provided the last vaccination was administered more than 12 weeks ago * More than 4 weeks since prior and no concurrent interferon (e.g., Intron-A®), interleukins (e.g., Proleukin®), or growth factors (e.g., Procrit®, Aranesp®, or Neulasta®) * More than 4 weeks since prior and no concurrent allergy desensitization injections * No influenza vaccines for at least 2 weeks before or after study vaccine administration Chemotherapy * More than 4 weeks since prior chemotherapy (6 weeks for nitrosoureas) * No concurrent chemotherapy, including nitrosoureas Endocrine therapy * More than 4 weeks since prior and no concurrent oral or parenteral corticosteroids * No prior or concurrent inhaled steroids (e.g., Advair®, Flovent®, or Azmacort®) * Prior or concurrent topical corticosteroids allowed Radiotherapy * See Disease Characteristics * More than 4 weeks since other prior and no concurrent radiotherapy Surgery * See Disease Characteristics Other * More than 4 weeks since prior and no other concurrent investigational agents * More than 30 days since prior and no concurrent participation in another clinical study