This is a world wide study to evaluate the remission and joint damage in subjects treated with abatacept in addition to methotrexate versus subjects who receive methotrexate along with a placebo.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
1,052
abatacept 10 mg/kg IV monthly, methotrexate weekly, for 24 months
placebo IV, monthly, methotrexate weekly for 12 months followed by abatacept 10 mg/kg IV monthly, methotrexate weekly for 12 months
Oral, titrated to at least 15 mg per week not to exceed 20 mg per week administered every 28 days from Month 12 to Month 24
Number of Participants in DAS 28 C-reactive Protein (CRP) Remission at Month 12
Number of participants who achieved remission at Month 12 of treatment, as defined by a Disease Activity Score (DAS) 28-CRP score of \<2.6. DAS 28-CRP is a continuous measure, a composite of 4 variables: number of tender joints out of 28 joints, number of swollen joints out of 28 joints, CRP (in mg/L), and subject assessment of disease activity measure on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of 100 millimeters (mm). The DAS28 scale=0 (best) to 10 (worst), indicating the current activity of the rheumatoid arthritis. A DAS28 \>5.1 = high disease activity; \<=3.2 = low disease activity; \<2.6 = remission.
Time frame: Month 12
Mean Change From Baseline in Radiographic Total Score to Month 12
To assess joint damage progression, the Genant-modified Sharp scoring method was used to evaluate radiographs of hands/wrists and feet for erosions and joint space narrowing (JSN). The total Genant-modified Sharp score ranges from 0 (no radiographic damage) to 290 (worst possible radiographic damage) and is the sum of the erosion score (range 0-145) and the joint space narrowing score (range 0-145). Higher scores indicated more damage.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 12
Number of Subjects With Adverse Events (AEs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), Deaths, and Discontinuations Due to AEs During the Open-Label Period
AE=any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition in a subject administered an investigational product and that does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. Related AE/SAE=Certain, Probable, Possible, or Missing. SAE=any untoward medical occurrence that results in death, is life-threatening, requires or prolongs inpatient hospitalization (including elective surgery), results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, or is an important medical event.
Time frame: Continuously through open-label period (from Month 12 to Month 24). Includes data up to 56 days post last dose in the open-label period or start of the maintenance sub-study, whichever occurred first.
Number of Participants With Serious Adverse Events Reported During the Open-Label Period
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Rheumatology Associates Of North Alabama
Huntsville, Alabama, United States
Talbert Medical Group
Huntington Beach, California, United States
Arthritis Assoc And Osteo Ctr Of Col Sprgs
Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
New England Research Associates, Llc
Trumbull, Connecticut, United States
Diagnostic Rheumatology And Research
Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
Osteoporosis And Clinical Trials Center
Cumberland, Maryland, United States
Malamet & Klein, Md, Pa
Hagerstown, Maryland, United States
Arthritis Center Of Nebraska
Lincoln, Nebraska, United States
Regional Rheumatology Associates
Binghamton, New York, United States
Carolina Bone & Joint
Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
...and 79 more locations
SAE=any untoward medical occurrence that results in death, is life-threatening, requires or prolongs inpatient hospitalization (including elective surgery), results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, or is an important medical event.
Time frame: Continuously through open-label period (from Month 12 to Month 24). Includes data up to 56 days post last dose in the open-label period or start of the maintenance sub-study, whichever occurred first.
Number of Participants With SAEs With an Outcome of Death During the Open-label Period
Any untoward medical occurrence (SAE) that resulted in death
Time frame: Continuously through open-label period (from Month 12 to Month 24). Includes data up to 56 days post last dose in the open-label period or start of the maintenance sub-study, whichever occurred first.
Incidence Rates of Autoimmune Disorders in ABA-Treated Participants
The incidence rates of autoimmune disorders are defined as the (number of patients experiencing the event/exposure within the period)\*100 and are expressed in 100 person-years. Subjects experiencing the event had their exposure censored at the time of the 1st event.
Time frame: Double Blind Period (+56 days post last dose in double-blind period or start of open-label period, whichever came first). Open-label period (56 days post last dose in the open-label period or start of maintenance sub-study, whichever came first).
Incidence Rates of Infections and Infestations of Adverse Events in ABA-Treated Participants
The incidence rates of infections and infestations are defined as the (number of patients experiencing the event /exposure within the period)\*100 and are expressed in 100 person-years. Subjects experiencing the event had their exposure censored at the time of the 1st event.
Time frame: Double Blind Period (+56 days post last dose in double-blind period or start of the open-label period, whichever came first). Open-label period (56 days post last dose in open-label period or start of maintenance sub-study, whichever came first).
Incidence Rates of Malignant Neoplasm Adverse Events in ABA-Treated Participants
The incidence rates of malignant neoplasms are defined as the (number of patients experiencing the event /exposure within the period)\*100 and are expressed in 100 person-years. Subjects experiencing the event had their exposure censored at the time of the 1st event.
Time frame: Double Blind Period (+56 days post last dose in double-blind period or start of the open-label period, whichever came first). Open-label period (56 days post last dose in open-label period or start of maintenance sub-study, whichever came first).
Number of Participants With a Serious Acute-Infusional AE of Anaphylactic Shock During Open-Label Period
There were 107 Prespecified, acute-infusional SAEs (occurring within 1 hour after the start of study drug infusion) pre-specified in the protocol; anaphylactic shock was the only one occuring in this study.
Time frame: Open-Label Period (Month 12 to Month 24)
Number of Participants With Select Blood Chemistry Laboratory Values Meeting the Marked Abnormality Criteria During the Open-Label Period
Number of subjects with high liver function and kinedy tests: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) \>2x upper limit of normal (ULN) or if pretreatment (PRE-RX) \>ULN then \>3x PRE-RX; aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \>3x ULN or if PRE-RX \>ULN then \>4x PRE-RX; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \>3x ULN or if PRE-RX \>ULN then \>4x PRE-RX; g-glutamyl transferase (GGT)\>2x ULN or if PRE-RX \>ULN then \>3x PRE-RX; total bilirubin \>2x ULN or if PRE-RX \>ULN then \>4x PRE-RX; blood urea nitrogen \>2x PRE-RX; creatinine \>1.5x PRE-RX.
Time frame: Continuously through open-label period (from Month 12 to Month 24). Includes data up to 56 days post last dose in the open-label period or start of the maintenance sub-study, whichever occurred first.
Number of Participants With Hematology Laboratory Values Meeting the Marked Abnormality Criteria During the Open-Label Period
Marked abnormalities in hemoglobin \>3 g/dL decrease from PRE-RX; hematocrit \<0.75x PRE-RX; erythrocytes \<0.75x PRE-RX; platelet count \<0.67x lower limit of normal (LLN) or \>1.5x ULN or if PRE-RX \<LLN then \<0.5x PRE-RX and \<100,000/mm3; leukocytes \<0.75x LLN or \>1.25x ULN or if PRE-RX \<LLN then \<0.8x PRE-RX or \>ULN if PRE-RX \>ULN then \>1.2x PRE-RX or \<LLN; neutrophils if value \<1.00 x10\^3 c/uL; lymphocytes if value \<.750 x10\^3 c/uL or if value \>7.50 x10\^3 c/uL; monocytes if value \>2000/MM3; basophils if value \>400/mm3; eosinophils if value \>.750 x10\^3 c/uL
Time frame: Continuously from start of open-label period up to 56 days post the last dose in the open-label period or start of the maintenance sub-study, whichever occurred first.
Number of Participants With American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 50 Response at Month 12
ACR 50 response was defined as a 50% improvement from baseline to Month 12 in tender and swollen joint counts and 50% improvement in 3 of the remaining 5 core set measures (subject global assessment of pain, subject global assessment of disease activity, physician global assessment of disease activity, subject assessment of physical function), and 1 acute phase reactant value \[ie, CRP\].
Time frame: Month 12
Number of Participants With Major Clinical Response (MCR) at Month 12
MCR was defined as 6 months of consecutive ACR 70 response at Month 12. ACR 70, the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) definition of 70% improvement was based on a 70% improvement (compared to baseline values) in tender and swollen joint counts and 70% improvement in 3 of the remaining 5 core set measures (subject global assessment of pain, subject global assessment of disease activity, physician global assessment of disease activity, subject assessment of physical function, and 1 acute phase reactant value \[ie, CRP\]).
Time frame: Month 12
Adjusted Mean Change From Baseline in DAS-28-CRP Score to Month 12
DAS 28-CRP is a continuous variable that is a composite of 4 variables: the number of tender joints out of 28 joints, the number of swollen joints out of 28 joints, CRP in milligrams/Liter (mg/L), and subject assessment of disease activity measure on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of 100 millimeters (mm). The DAS28 scale=0 to 10, indicating the current activity of the rheumatoid arthritis. A DAS28 \>5.1=high disease activity; \<3.2=low disease activity; \<2.6=remission. Change from Baseline=Post-baseline - Baseline value; Adjusted for baseline value.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 12
Number of Participants With Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) Response at Month 12
Physical function was evaluated using the HAQ-disability index (HAQ-DI), a questionnaire with 20 questions assessing function in 8 domains: dressing, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and common activities. The questions are evaluated on a 4-point scale: 0 = without any difficulty; 1 = with some difficulty; 2 = with much difficulty; 3 = unable to do. The 8 category scores are averaged into an overall HAQ-DI score on a scale from 0 (no disability) to 3 (completely disabled). Higher scores indicate greater dysfunction. HAQ response=improvement of at least 0.3 units from baseline.
Time frame: Month 12
Adjusted Mean Change in Short Form 36 (SF-36) From Baseline to Month 12
The SF-36 covers 8 health dimensions: 4 physical subscales (physical function, role-physical, bodily pain, and general health) and 4 mental subscales (vitality, social function, role-emotional, and mental health). The scores range from 0 to 100, with a higher score indicating better quality of life. Two summary scores (physical and mental component summaries) were produced taking a weighted linear combination of the 8 individual subscales. Change from Baseline=Post-baseline - Baseline value; adjusted for baseline value.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 12
Mean Change From Baseline in Radiographic Erosion and Joint Space Narrowing (JSN) Scores to Month 12
To assess joint damage progression, the Genant-modified Sharp scoring method was used to evaluate radiographs of hands/wrists and feet for erosions and JSN. The erosion score range is 0 (no radiographic damage) to 145 (worst possible radiographic damage). The joint space narrowing score range is 0 (no radiographic damage) to 145 (worst possible radiographic damage). Higher scores indicated more damage. Change from baseline = Post-baseline - Baseline value
Time frame: Baseline, Month 12
Number of Participants With Anti-abatacept or Anti-CTLA4-T Responses in the Double-blind Period as Analyzed by Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent Serologic Assay (ELISA)
Serum samples were analyzed by ELISA to detect antibodies against the whole molecule (both CTLA4 and Ig \[anti-abatacept antibody\]) or solely to CTLA4 (anti-CTLA4-T antibody). Reported as titer, the reciprocal of the sample dilution which yielded a signal equivalent to the statistically set cut point for the assay. For the anti-abatacept assay, minimum required dilution is 400-fold, therefore seronegative samples are those \< lowest reportable titer (\<400). For the anti-CTLA4-T assay, minimum required dilution is 25-fold, therefore seronegative samples are those \< lowest reportable titer (\<25).
Time frame: includes data up to approximately 85 days past the last dose of the double-blind period or start of the open-label period, whichever occurred first.
Number of Participants With Anti-abatacept or Anti-CTLA4-T Responses During the Open-Label Period (From Month 12 to Month 24) as Analyzed by ELISA
Serum samples were analyzed by ELISA to detect antibodies against the whole molecule (both CTLA4 and Ig \[anti-abatacept antibody\]) or solely to CTLA4 (anti-CTLA4-T antibody). Reported as titer, the reciprocal of the sample dilution which yielded a signal equivalent to the statistically set cut point for the assay. For the anti-abatacept assay, minimum required dilution is 400-fold, therefore seronegative samples are those \< lowest reportable titer (\<400). For the anti-CTLA4-T assay, minimum required dilution is 25-fold, therefore seronegative samples are those \< lowest reportable titer (\<25).
Time frame: Includes open-label data up to approximately 85 days post last dose in the open-label period or start of the maintenance sub-study, whichever occurred first.
Number of Participants With Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) Response at Month 24
Physical function was evaluated using the HAQ-disability index (HAQ-DI), a questionnaire with 20 questions assessing function in 8 domains: dressing, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reach, grip, and common activities. The questions are evaluated on a 4-point scale: 0 = without any difficulty; 1 = with some difficulty; 2 = with much difficulty; 3 = unable to do. The 8 category scores are averaged into an overall HAQ-DI score on a scale from 0 (no disability) to 3 (completely disabled). Higher scores indicate greater dysfunction. HAQ response=improvement of at least 0.3 units from baseline.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 24
Mean Change From Baseline in Radiographic Total, Erosion and JSN Scores to Month 24
To assess joint damage progression, the Genant-modified Sharp scoring method was used to evaluate radiographs of hands/wrists and feet for erosions and JSN. The total Genant-modified Sharp score ranges from 0 (no radiographic damage) to 290 (worst possible radiographic damage) and is the sum of the erosion score (range 0-145) and the joint space narrowing score (range 0-145). Higher scores indicated more damage. Change from baseline = Postbaseline - baseline value.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 24
Number of Participants Without Radiographic Progression (as Measured by in Erosion Scores, JSN Scores, and Total Scores) From Baseline at Month 24
Participants with no radiographic progression (defined as change in score \<=0 or \<=0.5), from baseline to Month 24. To assess joint damage progression, the Genant-modified Sharp scoring method was used to evaluate radiographs of hands/wrists and feet for erosions and JSN. The total Genant-modified Sharp score ranges from 0 (no radiographic damage) to 290 (worst possible radiographic damage) and is the sum of the erosion score (range 0-145) and the joint space narrowing score (range 0-145). Higher scores indicated more damage.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 24
Number of Participants Without Radiographic Progression (as Measured by in Erosion Scores, JSN Scores, and Total Scores) at Month 24 in Participants Without Progression at Month 12
Participants with no radiographic progression ((defined as change in score \<=0 or \<=0.5), sustained from Month 12 and Month 24. To assess joint damage progression, the Genant-modified Sharp scoring method was used to evaluate radiographs of hands/wrists and feet for erosions and JSN. The total Genant-modified Sharp score ranges from 0 (no radiographic damage) to 290 (worst possible radiographic damage) and is the sum of the erosion score (range 0-145) and the joint space narrowing score (range 0-145). Higher scores indicated more damage.
Time frame: Month 12, Month 24
Mean Difference Observed in Change From Baseline to Month 12 and Between Month 12 and Month 24 in Radiographic Scores (Total Score)
Mean difference observed in change from baseline to Month 12 and between Month 12 and Month 24 in radiographic scores (Total Score). To assess joint damage, the Genant-modified Sharp scoring method was used to evaluate radiographs of hands/wrists and feet for erosions and JSN. The total Genant-modified Sharp score ranges from 0 (no radiographic damage) to 290 (worst possible radiographic damage) and is the sum of the erosion score (range 0-145) and the joint space narrowing score (range 0-145). Higher scores indicated more damage.
Time frame: Baseline, Month 12, Month 24
Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs), Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), Deaths, and Discontinuations Reported During the Double-blind Period
AE=any new untoward medical occurrence or worsening of a pre-existing medical condition in a subject administered an investigational product and that does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment. Related AE/SAE=Certain, Probable, Possible, or Missing. SAE=any untoward medical occurrence that results in death, is life-threatening, requires or prolongs inpatient hospitalization (including elective surgery), results in persistent or significant disability/incapacity, is a congenital anomaly/birth defect, or is an important medical event.
Time frame: Includes data up to 56 days post the last dose in the double-blind period or start of the open-label period, whichever occurred first.
Number of Participants With Laboratory Values Meeting the Marked Abnormality Criteria During the Double-blind Period
Number of participants with laboratory values (hematology, liver and kidney functions, electrolytes, glucose tests, protein tests, metabolite tests, and urine chemistry tests) considered markedly abnormal according to prespecified protocol criteria
Time frame: Includes data up to 56 days post the last dose in the double-blind period or start of the open-label period, whichever occurred first.