Effect of Glutathione on Blood Alcohol and Hangover Symptoms

Overview

Glutathione (a tripeptide of 3 amino acids - glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine) plays a great role in homeostasis, especially as a potent anti-oxidant. As an anti-oxidant, it conjugates with xenobiotics using glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and excretes in urine as mercapturic acid. In 1986, Casciani et al at the University of Milan, studied the effect of glutathione on blood alcohol, acetaldehyde and hepatic triglyceride levels and found a significant reducing effect. The blood acetaldehyde, which is the metabolic product of ethyl alcohol may have a correlation with hangover symptoms. This study is designed to find this correlation using blood alcohol, blood acetaldehyde levels and the Hangover Symptoms Scale according to the Slutske et al study.

Type of Study: Double-blinded control Population: 100 males Inclusion Criteria: * Males 20-40 years * Healthy, without chronic diseases, especially must have normal hepatic function, measured by serum SGPT * No history of alcoholic allergy * Drink alcohol regularly, at least once a week * Agree to be a subject by standard consent form Exclusion Criteria: * Subject wants to end the study * Some impending danger to subjects Number of subjects : 100 Methodology 1. Subjects are recruited; 2. History taking, physical examination and SGPT are done by M.D.; 3. 100 subjects are distributed randomly to numbers 1-100; 4. Factory provides 2 groups of capsules in randomized packets numbered 1 -100; each package contains 3 sub-packages; each sub-package contains 2 capsules of either placebo or 370 mg glutathione capsules. All the three sub-packages will be all placebo or all glutathione. 50 packages are placebo and 50 packages are glutathione; 5. Subjects are examined as follows: * Hour 0: 3 ml of blood taken for blood alcohol and blood acetaldehyde; * Hour 0- 1: consume Thai Whisky (40% alcohol) 60 ml with snacks; * Hour 1: ml of blood taken for blood alcohol and blood acetaldehyde; * Hour 1.30: ml of blood taken for blood alcohol and blood acetaldehyde; * Hour 2.30: ml of blood taken for blood alcohol and blood acetaldehyde; * Hour 3.30: ml of blood taken for blood alcohol and blood acetaldehyde; * Hour 12: ml of blood taken for blood alcohol and blood acetaldehyde, and Alcohol Hangover Symptom evaluation of each subject is done individually. Using Wendy S. Slutske et al Scale 0-4: 0= no symptom 1. minimal 2. some 3. much 4. most Symptoms are 1. extreme thirst or dehydration 2. more tired than usual 3. headache 4. nausea 5. vomiting 6. very weak 7. difficulty concentrating 8. more sensitive to light and sound than usual 9. more sweating than usual 10. have a lot of trouble sleeping 11. anxious 12. depressed 13. trembling or shaking Blood alcohol, blood acetaldehyde and hangover symptoms are statistically evaluated for significance.