A Double-Blind, Randomized Control Trial Comparing Botulinum Toxin Type A (Botox) and Placebo in the Treatment of Idiopathic Clubfoot

Overview

The purpose of this study is to continue the work from the previous review study and determine the effectiveness of Botox in treating patients with idiopathic clubfoot by comparing outcomes of subjects treated with manipulation and casting plus Botox (treatment group) to those treated with manipulation and casting plus placebo (control group). The null hypothesis is that manipulation and casting plus Botox is not an effective treatment for idiopathic clubfoot. The alternate hypothesis is that manipulation and casting plus Botox is an effective treatment for idiopathic clubfoot.

The study timeline is divided into five phases which have been defined based on experiences with the previous review and with clubfoot treatment in general. These phases are as follows: 1) study treatment (Botox injection versus placebo); 2) post-treatment manipulation and casting; 3) bracing and full-time maintenance; 4) intent-to-treat intervention for management of first-time non-responders (NR1) and first-time recurrences (Rec1) post-study treatment; and 5) rescue intervention for management of second-time non-responders (NR2) and second-time recurrences (Rec2) post intent-to-treat intervention. We will utilize a double-blind randomized control trial to assess the efficacy of Botox in the treatment of idiopathic clubfoot. Patients, parents, both participating surgeons, and members of their clinical and research teams (physiotherapist, occupational therapist, orthopaedic technologist, orthotist, research assistant) will be blinded to the study group (Botox group versus control group) each subject belongs in. The pharmacist preparing the syringes for injection will not be blinded. Subjects will be randomly assigned to receive either Botox (Treatment group) or placebo injection (Control group). Subjects in the treatment group will receive Botox injections dosed at 10 IU/kg prepared by diluting 100 IU of Botox in 1cc of unpreserved saline. If the child has bilateral clubfoot, the contents will be divided equally for injection into each gastrocnemius. Placebo injections for the control group will contain unpreserved saline at 0.1cc/kg (such that a 4.5 kg subject will receive 0.45cc).