Clinical and Economic Consequences of Left Atrial Bipolar Radiofrequency Ablation of Persistent and Permanent Atrial Fibrillation During Cardiac Surgery

Inclusion Criteria: * Persistent atrial fibrillation * Permanent atrial fibrillation * Mitral valve defect * Tricuspid valve defect * Aortic valve defect * Coronary artery disease Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnancy * Age \< 18 or \> 75 Years * Emergency surgery * Left dominant coronary circulation (relative contraindication) * Coronary arteries of the posterior wall without pathological findings: No inclusion * Stenosis of the posterior wall vessels, supplied with a CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting): Inclusion possible * Left ventricular ejection fraction \< 30% * Size of the left atrium \> 7 cm * Thrombosis of the left atrial appendage * Leads in the coronary sinus * Atrial flutter * Infective endocarditis * Reoperation * Participation in other studies * Life expectancy of less than 12 months * Psychiatric disorders * Hyperthyreosis