This is a Phase 2 study being conducted at multiple centers in the United States, Europe and Canada. Patients having pancreatic cancer that is locally advanced or that has spread to other parts of the body (i.e., metastatic) are eligible to participate. Patients must have not had any prior systemic treatment for advanced disease. The purpose of the study is to test whether the angiogenesis inhibitor Axitinib \[AG-013736\] in combination with gemcitabine is an effective treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer vs. gemcitabine alone by overall survival.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
111
Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m\^2 30 minutes IV infusion on Day 1, 8 and 15 of each cycle, in cycles of 4 weeks
Axitinib (AG-013736) 5 mg tablet orally BID starting from Day 1 of Cycle 1, in cycles of 4 weeks.
Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m\^2 30 minutes IV infusion on Day 1, 8 and 15 of each cycle, in cycles of 4 weeks.
Overall Survival (OS)
Time in days from randomization to date of death due to any cause. OS was calculated as the death date minus the date of randomization plus 1. Death was determined from adverse event data (where outcome was death) or from follow-up contact data (where the participant current status was death).
Time frame: Baseline of Phase 2 to death or until at least 1 year after the randomization of the last participant
Dose Confirmation of Axitinib (AG-013736) on Basis of Number of Participants With Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT)
Dose of axitinib (AG-013736) was confirmed if not more than 1 out of 6 participants experienced a DLT during first cycle. DLT included grade (Gr) 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, greater than or equal to (\>=) Gr 3 anemia or non hematological toxicities for \>= 7 days (except alopecia) or \>= Gr 1 hemoptysis or \>=2 gram /24 hours proteinuria or inability to resume background chemotherapy or axitinib (AG-013736) dosing within 14 days of stopping due to treatment related toxicity.
Time frame: Phase 1 baseline up to Week 4
Dose Confirmation of Gemcitabine on Basis of Number of Participants With Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT)
Dose of gemcitabine was confirmed if not more than 1 out of 6 participants experienced a DLT during first cycle. DLT included grade (Gr) 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, greater than or equal to (\>=) Gr 3 anemia or non hematological toxicities for \>= 7 days (except alopecia) or \>= Gr 1 hemoptysis or \>=2 gram /24 hours proteinuria or inability to resume background chemotherapy or axitinib (AG-013736) dosing within 14 days of stopping due to treatment related toxicity.
Time frame: Phase 1 Baseline up to Week 4
Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) for Axitinib (AG-013736)
Time frame: 0 (pre-dose), 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3.5, 4.5, 9.5, and 12.5 hours (hr) post-dose on Day 15 of Phase 1 Cycle 1
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East Bay Medical Oncology/Hematology Medical Associates Inc.
Antioch, California, United States
Alta Bates Comprehensive Cancer Center
Berkeley, California, United States
Bay Area Cancer Research Group
Concord, California, United States
East Bay Medical Oncology/Hematology Medical Associates, Inc.
Concord, California, United States
Hematology Oncology, P.C.
Stamford, Connecticut, United States
Jackson Memorial Hospital & Clinics
Miami, Florida, United States
University of Miami Hospital & clinics
Miami, Florida, United States
H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute
Tampa, Florida, United States
Maine Center for Cancer Medicine and Blood Disorders
Biddeford, Maine, United States
Maine Center for Cancer Medicine and Blood Disorders
Brunswick, Maine, United States
...and 28 more locations
Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to 24 Hours [AUC (0-24)] of Axitinib (AG-013736)
AUC (0-24) = Area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) from time zero (pre-dose) to 24 hours (0-24).
Time frame: 0 (pre-dose), 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3.5, 4.5, 9.5, and 12.5 hr post-dose on Day 15 of Phase 1 Cycle 1
Time to Reach Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Tmax) of Axitinib (AG-013736)
Tmax was based on the actual time points when the samples were collected.
Time frame: 0 (pre-dose), 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3.5, 4.5, 9.5, and 12.5 hr post-dose on Day 15 of Phase 1 Cycle 1
Plasma Decay Half-life (t1/2) of Axitinib (AG-013736)
Plasma decay half-life is the time measured for the plasma concentration to decrease by one half.
Time frame: 0 (pre-dose), 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3.5, 4.5, 9.5, and 12.5 hr post-dose on Day 15 of Phase 1 Cycle 1
Maximum Observed Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of Gemcitabine
Time frame: 0 (pre-dose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 9 and 12 hr after start of infusion on Day 15 of Phase 1 Cycle 1
Area Under the Curve From Time Zero to Extrapolated Infinite Time [AUC (0 - ∞)] of Gemcitabine
AUC (0 - ∞) = Area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC) from time zero (pre-dose) to extrapolated infinite time (0 - ∞). It is obtained from AUC (0 - t) plus AUC (t - ∞).
Time frame: 0 (pre-dose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 9 and 12 hr after start of infusion on Day 15 of Phase 1 Cycle 1
Plasma Decay Half-life (t1/2) of Gemcitabine
Plasma decay half-life is the time measured for the plasma concentration to decrease by one half.
Time frame: 0 (pre-dose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 9 and 12 hr after start of infusion on Day 15 of Phase 1 Cycle 1
Population Pharmacokinetics of Axitinib (AG-013736) in Phase 2
Data for this outcome measure are not reported here because the analysis population includes participants who were not enrolled in this study. ClinicalTrials.gov is designed for reporting results from only those participants who were enrolled in the study and described in the Participant Flow and Baseline Characteristics modules.
Time frame: Phase 2 Day 1 (Pre-dose), Day 29, Day 57 and then every 8 weeks until disease progression or discontinuation from study or up to 80 weeks
Percentage of Participants With Overall Response (OR)
Percentage of participants with OR based assessment of confirmed complete response (CR) or confirmed partial response (PR) according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Confirmed responses are those that persist on repeat imaging study at least 4 weeks after initial documentation of response. CR are defined as the disappearance of all lesions (target and/or non-target). PR are those with at least 30% decrease in the sum of the longest dimensions of the target lesions taking as a reference the baseline sum of longest dimensions.
Time frame: Phase 2 baseline to disease progression or discontinuation from study, assessed every 8 weeks up to 80 weeks
Duration of Response (DR)
Time in days from the first documentation of objective tumor response to objective tumor progression or death due to any cancer. Duration of tumor response was calculated as the date of the first documentation of objective tumor progression or death due to cancer minus the date of the first CR or PR that was subsequently confirmed plus 1. DR was calculated for the subgroup of participants with a confirmed objective tumor response.
Time frame: Phase 2 baseline to disease progression or discontinuation from study due to any cause, assessed every 8 weeks up to 80 weeks
Progression-free Survival (PFS)
Time in days from randomization to first documentation of objective tumor progression or death due to any cause. PFS was calculated as first event date minus the date of randomization plus 1. Tumor progression was determined from oncologic assessment data (where data meet the criteria for progressive disease \[PD\]), or from adverse event (AE) data (where the outcome was "Death").
Time frame: Phase 2 baseline until the date of first documented progression or death due to any cause, assessed every 8 weeks up to 80 weeks
One Year Survival Probability
One year survival probability was defined as the probability of survival at one year after the date of randomization based on the Kaplan Meier estimate.
Time frame: Phase 2 baseline to disease progression or death due to any cause or at least 1 year after the first dose for the last participant
Change From Baseline in European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) Score at Day 1 of Every Cycle and End of Study
EORTC QLQ-C30: included functional scales (physical, role, cognitive, emotional, and social), global health status, symptom scales (fatigue, pain, nausea/vomiting), and single items (dyspnoea, appetite loss, insomnia, constipation/diarrhea, and financial difficulties). Most questions used 4-point scale (1 'Not at All' to 4 'Very Much'); 2 questions used 7-point scale (1 'Very Poor' to 7 'Excellent'). Scores averaged, transformed to 0-100 scale; higher score=better level of functioning or greater degree of symptoms. Change from baseline=Cycle/Day score minus baseline score.
Time frame: Phase 2 baseline [Day (D)1 of Cycle (C)1], Day 1 of all subsequent cycles up to Cycle 14 and end of study (EoS).
Change From Baseline in 26-item Pancreatic Cancer-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-PAN26) Score at Day 1 of Every Cycle and End of Study
QLQ-PAN26 consists of 26 questions (Qs) relating to disease symptoms, treatment (Tx) side effects and emotional issues specific to pancreatic cancer (PC). Questions include on altered bowel habits, pain, dietary changes, disease and Tx-related symptoms and issues related to the emotional and social well-being of participants with PC. All 26 Qs are answered on 4-point Likert scale ranging from '1=not at all' to 4='very much' and subsequently transformed into scales that range from 0-100. Higher scores on functioning scales=better functioning; higher scores on the symptom scales=more symptoms.
Time frame: Phase 2 baseline [Day (D) 1 of Cycle (C)1], Day 1 of all subsequent cycles up to Cycle 14 and end of study (EoS).