Psychosocial Treatment for Improving Chances of Survival in Women With Breast Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: Women were eligible for the study if they had documented metastatic or recurrent breast cancer, were proficient enough in English to be able to complete questionnaires and participate in a support group, were living in the Greater San Francisco Bay Area, and had a Karnofsky score of at least 70%.19 Exclusion Criteria: Women were excluded if they had any of the following risk factors: positive supraclavicular lymph nodes as the only metastatic lesion at the time of initial diagnosis; active non-breast cancers within the past 10 years; or other concurrent medical conditions likely to influence short-term survival. Basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas of the skin, in situ cancer of the cervix, or melanoma with a Breslow depth less than 0.76 mm were allowed.