Employment-based Reinforcement to Motivate Drug Abstinence in the Treatment of Drug Addiction. - 2

Johns Hopkins University40 enrolled

Overview

The purpose of this study is to determine whether long-term exposure to the Therapeutic Workplace intervention could sustain drug abstinence over an extended period of time in heroin- and cocaine-dependent, unemployed, treatment-resistant young mothers.

The current study is a continuation of the research into the development and evaluation of a novel treatment designed to address the chronic, persistent nature of drug addiction. This treatment, called the Therapeutic Workplace, integrates abstinence reinforcement contingencies of proven efficacy into a model supported work program. Participants were paid to work or to train in the Therapeutic Workplace but had to provide drug-free urine samples to gain daily access. Forty participants were randomly assigned to a Therapeutic Workplace or usual care control group. Therapeutic Workplace participants could work for about 5 years. This study reports the effects of the intervention over a follow-up period of 8 years after treatment initiation.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Behavior, Addictive Cocaine Abuse Cocaine Dependence Heroin Dependence Opioid Dependence

Interventions

Contingency managementBEHAVIORAL

Invited to attend the Therapeutic Workplace 3 hr per day, Monday through Friday. Each day when a participant reported to the workplace, she was required to provide a urine sample. If the sample tested negative for opiates and cocaine, she was allowed to work that day. Participants who gained entrance to the workplace participated in basic skills education and job skills training throughout each 3-hr work shift.

Eligibility

Sex: FEMALEMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 50 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * When originally enrolled in the study, participants were at least 18 years old, unemployed, and methadone maintenance patients of the Center for Addiction and Pregnancy (CAP) who continued to use opiates or cocaine during CAP treatment. Exclusion Criteria: * Participants were excluded if they were at risk for suicide at the time of intake or if they had serious psychiatric illness (e.g., schizophrenia).

Locations (1)

The Center for Learning and Health

Baltimore, Maryland, United States

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Percentage of urine samples at the assessments that were negative for cocaine

(total number of monthly urine samples negative for cocaine/total number of possible urine samples) x 100