Pilot Efficacy Study of PI-88 With Docetaxel to Treat Prostate Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: * Histologically/cytologically proven prostate adenocarcinoma that is unresponsive or refractory to hormone therapy * Patients must have received prior hormonal therapy, defined as castration by orchiectomy and/or luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists * Patients must have documented progression detected by PSA increase, physical examination and/or imaging * Patients must have achieved stable pain control for a minimum of seven consecutive days prior to study entry. * Prior radiation therapy (to \< 25% of the bone marrow only) is permitted. At least 4 weeks must have elapsed since the completion of radiation therapy and the patient must have recovered from side effects prior to study entry. * Prior surgery is allowed. At least 4 weeks must have elapsed since the completion of surgery * Life expectancy \> 3 months * ECOG Performance score of \< 2. * Neutrophil count \> 1.5 x 109/L (1,500/mm3) * Haemoglobin \> 10 g/dL * Platelet count \> 100 x 109/L (100,000/mm3) * Total bilirubin \< the upper limit of normal (ULN) of the institution * ALT (SGPT) and AST (SGOT) \< 1.5 x the ULN of the institution * Calculated creatinine clearance, using Cockroft and Gault formula, \>60 mL/min * APTT and PT \< 1.5 X ULN * Patients (or legally acceptable representative) must have voluntarily given written informed consent to participate in this study. * Patients must be willing to comply with the scheduled visit, treatment plans, laboratory tests, and other study procedures Exclusion Criteria: * Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy * Prior isotope therapy (e.g., strontium, samarium) * Prior radiotherapy to \>25% of bone marrow (whole pelvic irradiation is not allowed) * Prior treatment with biological response modifiers within the previous 4 weeks * Prior malignancy except the following: adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, or any other cancer from which the patient has been disease-free for \> 5 years * Known brain or leptomeningeal involvement * Symptomatic peripheral neuropathy \> grade 2 according to the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3 (NCI CTCAE v3) * Serious intercurrent medical illness that does not permit adequate follow-up and compliance with the study protocol * History of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura or other platelet disease, or laboratory evidence of anti-heparin antibodies * Use of drugs that may inhibit the metabolism of docetaxel (cyclosporin, terfenadine, ketoconazole, erythromycin, troleandomycin) within the previous week or during the study * Concurrent treatment with other experimental drugs. Participation in another clinical trial with any investigational drug within 30 days prior to study screening * Treatment with any other anti-cancer therapy (except LHRH agonists) including any prescribed compounds and/or over-the-counter (OTC) products for the treatment of prostate cancer must be stopped prior to day of enrolment * Treatment with systemic corticosteroids used for reasons other than specified by the protocol must be stopped prior to day of enrolment * Concomitant bisphosphonate therapy is not allowed. Patients already receiving bisphosphonates must be stopped prior to day of enrolment * Concomitant use of aspirin (\> 150 mg/day), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (except specific COX-2 inhibitors), heparin, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), warfarin (\> 1 mg/day) or anti-platelet drugs (abciximab, clopidogrel, dipyridamole, ticlopidine and tirofiban). Low-dose aspirin (≤ 150 mg/day) and low-dose warfarin (≤ 1 mg/day) are permitted as concomitant medications * Treatment with heparin or low molecular weight heparin within the previous two weeks is not permitted * History of allergy and/or hypersensitivity to heparin or other anti-coagulants/thrombolytic agents * History of acute or chronic gastrointestinal bleeding within the last two years, inflammatory bowel disease or other abnormal bleeding tendency * Patients at risk of bleeding due to open wounds or planned surgery * Myocardial infarction, stroke or congestive heart failure within the past three months * Uncontrolled or serious infection within the past four weeks