Safety of Peptide Vaccination for Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Overview

This study will test whether certain patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) can safely be vaccinated with two peptide vaccines derived from proteins called proteinase 3 (PR1) and Wilm's tumor-1 (WT1). These proteins are produced in large amounts by cells of MDS, AML and CML patients. The peptides are combined with an "adjuvant" called Montanide to make the vaccines, and the vaccines are given with GM-CSF (sargramostim). Both Montanide and sargramostim help the immune system respond to the vaccines. The vaccines then activate the immune system to make specialized cells that search out and kill the MDS, AML and CML cells containing the two proteins. Patients with MDS, AML or CML who are 18 years of age or older may be eligible for this study. Candidates are screened with a medical history and physical examination, blood tests, chest x-ray, and bone marrow aspirate and biopsy. For the bone marrow biopsy, the area of the hip is anesthetized and a special needle is used to draw marrow from the hipbone. Participants receive an injection (shot) of each peptide vaccine into deep tissue of the upper arm, upper leg, or the abdomen and two separate shots of sargramostim in the same area as the vaccine shots. Patients' vital signs (heart rate, breathing rate, temperature, blood pressure) are measured before and after they receive the vaccines and they are watched for 2 hours after the shots for possible side effects, such as chills, pain at the injection site, stomach upset, allergic reaction, low blood counts, and infection. Patients return to the clinic 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after receiving the vaccines for a brief physical evaluation and blood tests. A chest x-ray is also done at the 4-week visit. Patients may receive whole blood or platelet transfusions if needed to treat the MDS, growth factors (filgrastim, erythropoietin, or others) if needed, and medications to treat any infections that may develop.

Myeloid malignancies including acute myeloid leukemia and the related disorders myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and myeloproliferative diseases represent a wide group of bone marrow stem cell malignancies. Some patients can be cured with chemotherapy or by allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, a proportion of patients progress following chemotherapy and some relapse after transplantation. Therefore, there is need for studies of investigational agents to improve management of these patients. The immunological graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect seen after allogeneic stem cell transplantation suggests that stimulating the patient's own T cell responses to MDS and leukemia with a vaccine might also retard disease progression and even achieve disease remissions. WT1 and PR1 were identified as target antigens because both antigens are highly expressed by CD34+ stem cells of most patients with myeloid malignancies but not by normal marrow cells. An immunotherapeutic approach to vaccinate against PR1 and WT1 antigens could induce T cell response against MDS and leukemic cells while sparing normal cells and by using a combination of two antigens the risk of disease escape by antigen down regulation should be further diminished. Therefore, we propose to evaluate a vaccine composed of peptides derived from two proteins over-expressed in MDS and leukemia stem cells - proteinase 3 (PR1) and Wilms tumor-1 (WT1). This protocol, the first in a series of planned research, will evaluate the safety of a single dose of a combination of two peptide vaccines, namely PR1:169-177 and WT-1:126-134 in Montanide adjuvant administered concomitantly with GM-CSF (Sargramostim) in select subjects diagnosed with MDS, AML and CML.