Percutaneous Neuromodulation Therapy (PNT) With Chronic Low Back Pain Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Low back pain for at least 6 months * If lower extremity pain present, must be present for at least 3 months * Visual analog scale (VAS) score for low back pain at least 50 out of 100 * Lumbar or lumbosacral surgical intervention without pain relief * Central sensitization symptoms * Agrees to follow randomized treatment plan * 18 years of age or older * Signed informed consent form Exclusion Criteria: * Significant change to low back or lower extremity pain within 4 weeks prior to enrollment * Nociceptive and/or neuropathic pain symptoms in the spine due to structural and/or mechanical instabilities * Three or more lumbar or lumbosacral surgical interventions; one or more surgical interventions in areas other than lumbar or lumbosacral spine * Three or more lumbar vertebral segments fused * Lumbar or lumbosacral surgical intervention in last 9 months; areas other than lumbar or lumbosacral in last 12 months * Any additional surgical intervention required 3 months post-enrollment * Symptoms consistent with sympathetically-maintained pain * Evidence of serious neurological deficits or impairments * Significant changes in pain medications within 4 weeks prior to enrollment * Psychosocial issues that conflict with valid reporting by patient * Prior treatment with percutaneous electrical stimulation or sensitivity to electrical stimulation * Current use of another electrical stimulation device for low back or lower extremity pain * Current enrollment in another clinical trial within the last 30 days * Current or prior malignancy or cancer * Serious or uncontrolled systemic illness * Body mass index (BMI) greater than 40 * Pregnant or intends to become pregnant during the study * Implanted medical device * Relationship with study staff * Unable to attend study office visits or complete study measures