As influenza vaccine efficacy is reported to be lower in elderly subjects compared to healthy adults, probably as a result of immunosenescence, there is a desire to devise ways to increase the current vaccines efficacy for this target population. Adjuvants are known to boost immune responses, thus representing one way to increase the efficacy of the current GlaxoSmithKline Fluarix™ influenza vaccine in elderly subjects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the immunogenicity and the reactogenicity of a vaccination with four different adjuvanted GlaxoSmithKline influenza vaccines administered to elderly subjects. For immunogenicity and safety evaluations, healthy adults aged 18 to 40 years old and elderly aged 65 years and older will receive Fluarix™ and form the control groups of this trial.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
425
1 dose administered intramuscularly in the deltoid region of the non-dominant arm
1 dose administered intramuscularly into the deltoid region of the non-dominant arm
1 dose administered intramuscularly into the deltoid region of the non-dominant arm
1 dose administered intramuscularly into the deltoid region of the non-dominant arm
1 dose administered intramuscularly into the deltoid region of the non-dominant arm
GSK Investigational Site
Ghent, Belgium
Frequency of Influenza-specific Cluster of Differentiation 4+ (CD4+) T-cells Expressing at Least 2 Markers
The frequency was expressed as the geometric mean of influenza-specific CD4 T-cells, expressing at least 2 markers among CD40 Ligand (CD40L), Interleukin 2 (IL-2), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ ) upon in vitro stimulation.
Time frame: At Day 21
Titers for Serum Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Antibodies Against 3 Strains of Influenza Disease
Titers are presented as geometric mean titers (GMTs). The 3 flu strains assessed were A/New Caledonia (H1N1), A/New York (H3N2) and B/Jiangsu (B). Seropositivity was defined as a serum HI titer greater than or equal to (≥) 1:10.
Time frame: At Day 0 and at Day 21
Titers for Serum HI Antibodies Against 3 Strains of Influenza Disease
Titers are presented as geometric mean titers (GMTs). The 3 flu strains assessed were A/New Caledonia (H1N1), A/New York (H3N2) and B/Jiangsu (B). Seropositivity was defined as a serum HI titer of ≥ 1:10.
Time frame: At Day 90 and Day 180
Number of Seroconverted Subjects Against 3 Strains of Influenza Disease
A seroconverted subject was defined as a vaccinated subject who had either a pre-vaccination titer \<1:10 and a post-vaccination titer ≥1:40 or a pre-vaccination titer ≥1:10 and at least a four-fold increase in post-vaccination titer. The 3 flu strains assessed were A/New Caledonia (H1N1), A/New York (H3N2) and B/Jiangsu (B).
Time frame: At Day 21
Number of Seroconverted Subjects Against 3 Strains of Influenza Disease
A seroconverted subject was defined as a vaccinated subject who had either a pre-vaccination titer \<1:10 and a post-vaccination titer ≥1:40 or a pre-vaccination titer ≥1:10 and at least a four-fold increase in post-vaccination titer. The 3 flu strains assessed were A/New Caledonia (H1N1), A/New York (H3N2) and B/Jiangsu (B).
Time frame: At Day 90 and Day 180
Seroconversion Factor for Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Antibodies Against 3 Strains of Influenza Disease
The seroconversion factor (SCF) was defined as the fold change in serum Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) geometric mean titers (GMTs) post vaccination compared to pre-vaccination time point. The 3 flu strains assessed were A/New Caledonia (H1N1), A/New York (H3N2) and B/Jiangsu (B).
Time frame: At Day 21
Seroconversion Factor for Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Antibodies Against 3 Strains of Influenza Disease
The seroconversion factor (SCF) was defined as the fold change in serum Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) geometric mean titers (GMTs) post vaccination compared to pre-vaccination time point. The 3 flu strains assessed were A/New Caledonia (H1N1), A/New York (H3N2) and B/Jiangsu (B).
Time frame: At Day 90 and Day 180
Number of Seroprotected Subjects Against 3 Strains of Influenza Disease
A seroprotected subject was defined as a vaccinated subject with serum Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) titer ≥ 1:40. The 3 flu strains assessed were A/New Caledonia (H1N1), A/New York (H3N2) and B/Jiangsu (B).
Time frame: At Day 0 and at Day 21
Number of Seroprotected Subjects Against 3 Strains of Influenza Disease
A seroprotected subject was defined as a vaccinated subject with serum Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) titer ≥ 1:40. The 3 flu strains assessed were A/New Caledonia (H1N1), A/New York (H3N2) and B/Jiangsu (B).
Time frame: At Day 90 and Day 180
Number of Subjects With Any and Grade 3 Solicited Local Symptoms.
Assessed solicited local symptoms were haematoma, pain, redness and swelling. Any = occurrence of any local symptom regardless of intensity grade. Grade 3 pain = pain which prevented normal everyday activity. Grade 3 haematoma/redness/swelling = haematoma/redness/swelling spreading beyond 50 millimeters (mm).
Time frame: During the 7-day (Days 0-6) follow-up period after vaccination
Number of Subjects With Any, Grade 3 and Related Solicited General Symptoms.
Assessed solicited general symptoms were fatigue, fever \[defined as axillary temperature equal to or above 37.5 degrees Celsius (°C)\], headache, joint pain, muscle aches and shivering. Any = occurrence of any general symptom regardless of intensity grade and relationship to vaccination. Grade 3 = symptoms that prevented normal activity. Grade 3 fever = fever \>39°C. Related = general symptom assessed by the investigator as causally related to the study vaccination.
Time frame: During the 7-day (Days 0-6) follow-up period after vaccination
Number of Subjects With Any, Grade 3 and Related Unsolicited Adverse Events (AEs).
An unsolicited AE covers any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation subject temporally associated with the use of a medicinal product, whether or not considered related to the medicinal product and reported in addition to those solicited during the clinical study and any solicited symptom with onset outside the specified period of follow-up for solicited symptoms. Any was defined as the occurrence of any unsolicited AE regardless of intensity grade or relation to vaccination. Grade 3 =event that prevented normal everyday activity. Related = event assessed by the investigator as causally related to the study vaccination.
Time frame: During the 21-day (Days 0-20) follow-up period after vaccination
Number of Subjects With Serious Adverse Events (SAEs).
Serious adverse events (SAEs) assessed include medical occurrences that result in death, are life threatening, require hospitalization or prolongation of hospitalization or result in disability/incapacity.
Time frame: During the entire study period (Day 0 - Day 180)
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