Combination Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Indian Kala-Azar

Inclusion Criteria: * Clinical diagnosis of active VL with consistent signs and symptoms (e.g., fever, splenomegaly). * Confirmed diagnosis by bone-marrow or splenic aspirate smear showing characteristic amastigotes. * Male or female. * Ages 12 to 65 years. * Both newly diagnosed cases and patients who have received previous treatment (in the latter case a 2-week wash-out will be required before starting the study treatment). * WBC \> 1,000/mm3. * Hemoglobin ≥ 4 g/dL Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnancy or breast-feeding. * HIV positive serology. * ASAT, ALAT, AP ≥ 3 times upper limit of normal range. * Bilirubin ≥ 2 times upper limit of normal range. * Prothrombin time ≥ 5 seconds above control. * Serum creatinine or BUN ≥ 1.5 times upper limit of normal range. * Any medical condition or situation that compromises compliance with study procedures. * HIV