The goal of this clinical research study is to learn if using a combination of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab, with sargramostim (GM-CSF) can help to control previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The safety of this combination will also be studied. This study will evaluate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and its relationship to response.
Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide are designed to enter CLL cells and destroy the "machinery" that allows CLL cells to multiply. Rituximab is designed to bind to CLL cells and cause cell death. GM-CSF is designed to help the bone marrow to produce white cells. It may also increase the target molecule called cluster of differentiation antigen 20 (CD20) for rituximab on the surface of the CLL cells which may improve the activity of rituximab. Before you can start treatment on this study, you will have what are called "screening tests." These tests will help the doctor decide if you are eligible to take part in the study. You will have a complete physical exam. Blood (about 2 tablespoons) will be drawn for routine tests. The routine blood draw will include a test for hepatitis B, unless this has been done within the last 6 months. This routine blood draw will also include a pregnancy test for women who are able to have children. To be eligible to take part in this study, the pregnancy test must be negative. A bone marrow aspirate and biopsy will be collected. To collect a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy, an area of the hip or chest bone is numbed with anesthetic and a small amount of bone marrow and bone is withdrawn through a large needle. If you are found to be eligible to take part in the study, you will receive GM-CSF thorough a needle under your skin on Day 1. Each study cycle is about 4 weeks, but may be longer depending on side effects or leukemia response. You will receive rituximab through a needle in your vein on Day 2. The first infusion may take up to 8 hours. For every dose of rituximab after that, the infusion may take 2-4 hours. The length of the infusion time depends on whether you have any reactions to the infusion. The dose level of rituximab may be increased for Cycles 2-6 as well. The drugs Tylenol (acetaminophen) and Benadryl (diphenhydramine hydrochloride) will be given before each dose of rituximab. This will be done to decrease the risk of side effects. If side effects do occur during rituximab treatment, the drug may have to be stopped until the side effects go away and then restarted, so your time in the outpatient area may be longer if that occurs. On Days 3-5 of the first treatment cycle, fludarabine and cyclophosphamide will be given through a needle in your vein. Each infusion will take about 30 minutes. After the first treatment cycle, fludarabine and cyclophosphamide will be given on Days 2, 3, and 4 for every cycle after that. During each cycle, the day after you receive fludarabine and cyclophosphamide, you will begin to receive GM-CSF. You will receive the drug for 1 week or until your white cell count has returned to an acceptable level. Cycle 1 will be given at M.D. Anderson's outpatient clinic. In some cases, Cycle 1 may be given in the inpatient area. The other 5 cycles can be given either at M.D. Anderson or at another location. With the exception of rituximab, the same doses of all other drugs will be used throughout the study unless side effects become severe. In that case, the dose may be lowered, or the treatment may be stopped. During each cycle, blood (about 1 tablespoon) will be drawn once every 1-2 weeks for routine tests. You will have a bone marrow biopsy performed at the end of Cycles 3 and 6 to check the status of the disease. You may remain on study for up to 6 cycles. You will be taken off study if the disease gets worse or if intolerable side effects occur. Once you are off study, blood (about 2 teaspoons) will be drawn every 6-12 months for routine tests. This is an investigational study. Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab, and GM-CSF are all FDA approved and commercially available. However, their use in this study and in this combination is considered investigational. Up to 60 patients will take part in the study. All will be enrolled at M.D. Anderson.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
60
Course 1: 250 mg/m\^2 by vein over 5-30 minutes on Days 2, 3, and 4; Course 2 - 6: 250 mg/m\^2 by vein over 5-30 minutes on Days 1 - 3
Course 1: 25 mg/m\^2 by vein over 5-30 minutes on Days 2,3, and 4; Course 2 - 6: 25 mg/m\^2 by vein over 5-30 minutes on Days 1 - 3
Course 1: 250 mcg/m\^2 subcutaneous (SQ) on Days -1 and Days 5 - 11; Course 2 - 6: 250 mcg/m\^2 SQ on Days -1 and Days 4 - 10
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, Texas, United States
Participant Overall Response Rate (ORR) at 6 Months Includes Complete Remissions, Partial Remission, or Nodule Partial Remissions.
Complete Remission:Normal exam/No symptoms; Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC)\</=4x10\^9/L, Hb\>11 g/dL, absolute neutrophil count (ANC)\>/=1.5x109/L, \& platelet count\>100x109/L. Bone marrow:\<30% lymphocytes aspirate no biopsy evidence disease; Disappearance palpable lymph nodes/spleen/liver, no new lesions. Partial Remission:ALC reduced 50%,either Hb\>11 g/dL or 50% improvement (imp.) in deviation, or ANC\>/=1.5x109/L or 50% imp., or platelet\>100x109/L or 50% imp. in deviation from normal. Reduced 50% palpable lymph nodes/spleen/liver no new lesions. Nodular Partial Response:ALC\</=4x109/L + Hb\>11 g/dL, ANC\>/=1.5x109/L \& platelet count\>100x109/L; \<30% lymphocytes - bone marrow biopsy aspirate + lymphoid nodules;No palpable lymph nodes/spleen/liver tumors without new lesions. Progressive Disease:50% increase (incr.) ALC\>10x109/L twice; tumor lesion incr. 50% over entry or responder size at time max regression \&/or appearance new malignant disease; Reappearance bone marrow disease.
Time frame: Baseline to 6 Months
Number of Participants With Overall Response Includes Complete Remissions, Partial Remission, or Nodule Partial Remissions.
Complete Remission:Normal exam/No symptoms; Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC)\</=4x10\^9/L, Hb\>11 g/dL, absolute neutrophil count (ANC)\>/=1.5x109/L, \& platelet count\>100x109/L. Bone marrow:\<30% lymphocytes aspirate no biopsy evidence disease; Disappearance palpable lymph nodes/spleen/liver, no new lesions. Partial Remission:ALC reduced 50%,either Hb\>11 g/dL or 50% improvement (imp.) in deviation, or ANC\>/=1.5x109/L or 50% imp., or platelet\>100x109/L or 50% imp. in deviation from normal. Reduced 50% palpable lymph nodes/spleen/liver no new lesions. Nodular Partial Response:ALC\</=4x109/L + Hb\>11 g/dL, ANC\>/=1.5x109/L \& platelet count\>100x109/L; \<30% lymphocytes - bone marrow biopsy aspirate + lymphoid nodules;No palpable lymph nodes/spleen/liver tumors without new lesions. Progressive Disease:50% increase (incr.) ALC\>10x109/L twice; tumor lesion incr. 50% over entry or responder size at time max regression \&/or appearance new malignant disease; Reappearance bone marrow disease.
Time frame: Baseline to 6 Months
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Course 1: 375 mg/m\^2 by vein over 2-6 Hours on Day 1; Course 2 - 6: 500 mg/m\^2 by vein over 2-6 Hours on Day 1
Number of Participants Progression-free
Participants progression free as measured at six months following start of treatment. Criteria for Progressive Disease (PD): Peripheral blood: 50% increase in ALC with a level \> 10 x 109/L on at least 2 occasions 2 weeks apart. Tumor: An increase of a lesion by 50% over the size present at entry on study or for patients who respond, the size at the time of maximum regression and/or the appearance of new areas of malignant disease. Reappearance of bone marrow disease. A deterioration in performance status or increasing symptoms do not constitute disease progression.
Time frame: 6 months or until disease progression if earlier