This randomized phase III trial is studying tacrolimus, methotrexate, and sirolimus to see how well they work compared to tacrolimus and methotrexate in preventing graft-versus-host disease in young patients who are undergoing donor stem cell transplant for intermediate-risk or high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in second complete remission and high risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission. Giving chemotherapy, such as thiotepa and cyclophosphamide, and total-body irradiation before a donor stem cell transplant helps stop the growth of cancer cells. It also helps stop the patient's immune system from rejecting the donor's stem cells. The donated stem cells may replace the patient's immune cells and help destroy any remaining cancer cells (graft-versus-tumor effect). Sometimes the transplanted cells from a donor can also make an immune response against the body's normal cells. Giving tacrolimus, methotrexate, and sirolimus after the transplant may stop this from happening. It is not yet known whether tacrolimus and methotrexate are more effective with or without sirolimus in preventing graft-versus-host disease.
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. Compare the post-transplant 2-year event-free survival of pediatric patients with intermediate-risk or high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in second complete remission or high risk ALL in first remission undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation treated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis comprising tacrolimus and methotrexate with or without sirolimus. SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. Compare rates of relapses, transplant-related mortality, and acute and chronic GVHD in these patients. II. Evaluate the relative contribution of resistance by ALL blasts to cytolytic therapy (e.g., chemotherapy/irradiation) as a cause of relapse post-transplantation by correlating ALL in vivo blast resistance with in vivo sirolimus, inhibition levels of the mTOR pathway in patients treated with sirolimus, and altered resistance pathways in ALL blasts measured by microarray analysis. III. Evaluate the relative contribution of resistance by ALL blasts to the donor immune response as a cause of relapse post-transplantation by correlating the development of donor anti-ALL T-cell response, the development of acute and/or chronic GVHD, and the detection of altered ALL blast immunogenicity after transplant with increased minimal residual disease, persistent recipient chimerism, and relapse. OUTLINE: This is a randomized, open-label, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to specific combinations of risk (intermediate CR2 vs high CR2 vs high CR1), donor type (matched sibling vs unrelated or other related), and stem cell source (filgrastim \[G-CSF\]-primed bone marrow vs unprimed bone marrow vs bone marrow vs peripheral blood vs umbilical cord blood). PREPARATIVE REGIMEN: Patients undergo total-body irradiation twice daily on days -8 to -6 and receive thiotepa IV on days -5 and -4 and cyclophosphamide IV on days -3 and -2. ALLOGENEIC HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION: Patients undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on day 0. GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE (GVHD) PROPHYLAXIS: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms. ARM I: (experimental) Patients receive tacrolimus IV continuously or orally (when able) daily beginning on day -2 followed by a taper beginning on day 42 and continuing until day 98 (for patients undergoing matched sibling donor transplantation) OR tacrolimus IV continuously or orally daily beginning on day -2 followed by a taper beginning on day 100 and continuing until day 180 (for patients undergoing related, unrelated, or cord blood donor transplantation) in the absence of GVHD. Patients also receive methotrexate IV on days 1, 3, and 6 (for patients with matched sibling and umbilical cord blood donors) OR days 1, 3, 6, and 11 (for patients with unrelated bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell donors) and oral sirolimus daily beginning on day 0 followed by a taper beginning on day 180 and continuing until day 207. ARM II: (control) Patients receive tacrolimus and methotrexate as in arm I. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed periodically for approximately 5 years.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
146
Given IV
Given IV
Given IV or orally
Given IV
Given orally
Part of the transplant preparatory regimen
Phoenix Childrens Hospital
Phoenix, Arizona, United States
City of Hope Medical Center
Duarte, California, United States
Children's Hospital and Research Center at Oakland
Oakland, California, United States
Childrens Hospital of Orange County
Orange, California, United States
Rady Children's Hospital - San Diego
San Diego, California, United States
Estimated Percentage of Participants With Event Free Survival
An event is defined as relapse or transplant-related mortality. Relapse is defined in section 3.3 study protocol.
Time frame: at 2 years
Rate of Relapses
An event is defined as relapse.
Time frame: At 2 years
Estimated Transplant Related Mortality Percentage
Death in a patient who had not relapsed after transplant is defined as transplant-related mortality event.
Time frame: 100 days
Estimated Rate of Acute Graft VS Host Disease (GVHD)
Any grade acute graft vs host disease (defined in APPENDIX II study protocol).
Time frame: At 200 days
Estimated Rate of Overall Chronic Graft VS Host Disease
Chronic graft vs host disease is defined in APPENDIX III of study protocol.
Time frame: At 2 years
Relative Contribution of Resistance by Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Blasts to Cytolytic Therapy (e.g., Chemotherapy/Irradiation) as a Cause of Relapse Post-transplantation
An event is defined as relapse or transplant-related mortality.
Time frame: Up to 1 year
Relative Contribution of ALL Blasts to the Donor Immune Response as a Cause of Relapse Post Transplantation (Correlating Development of aGVHD With Relapse)
An event is defined as relapse; estimated probability of relapse.
Time frame: At 1 year
Relative Contribution of ALL Blasts to the Donor Immune Response as a Cause of Relapse Pre-Transplantation (MRD)
An event is defined as relapse; relapse risk is reported. Not able to be performed given the low numbers of blast samples available.
Time frame: At 2 months
Chimerism
Evaluate the relative contribution of resistance by ALL blasts to the donor immune response as a cause of relapse post transplantation.
Time frame: Up to 12 months
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University of California San Francisco Medical Center-Parnassus
San Francisco, California, United States
Children's Hospital Colorado
Aurora, Colorado, United States
Children's National Medical Center
Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States
All Children's Hospital
St. Petersburg, Florida, United States
Children's Healthcare of Atlanta - Egleston
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
...and 40 more locations