Estimating the risk of future cardiovascular events such as death, stroke and myocardial infarction using traditional risk factors (such as age, gender, smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and hypertension) is well accepted in patients with and without existing cardiovascular disease. These estimates are based on a number of robust observational studies, including the original Framingham study. While these methods apply reasonably well on a population level their application to the individual patients is not always straightforward. In addition, risk charts, such as those published by the Joint British Societies and American Heart Association, may underestimate risk in certain groups, notably diabetics and patients of Indo-Asian background, whilst overestimating risk in others (by as much as 50% in some studies).
A number of variables including clinical, biochemical, and enzymatic have been evaluated to see if they add to conventional "risk-reduction" models such as Framingham and if so, to understand if they may be used in routine clinical practice. The aim of this study is to assess several known and a few novel risk-factors (heart rate variability, pulse wave analysis, high-sensitivity CRP and BNP) prior to planned elective coronary angiography (cross-sectional analysis) and in a prospective cohort of high and low-risk patients.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
665
Box Hill Hospital (Eastern Health)
Box Hill, Victoria, Australia
Caulfield General Medical Centre
Caulfield, Victoria, Australia
Northern Hospital (Northern Health)
Epping, Victoria, Australia
Alfred Hospital
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Extent and severity of angiographic coronary artery disease
Time frame: cross-sectional
All-cause death or myocardial infarction
Time frame: 1, 2, 5 years
All-cause death, MI or need for cardiac surgery
Time frame: 1, 2, 5 years
All-cause death
Time frame: 1, 2, 5 years
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