Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Cyclophosphamide, and Filgrastim Followed By Paclitaxel Albumin-Stabilized Nanoparticle Formulation With or Without Trastuzumab in Treating Patients With Breast Cancer Previously Treated With Surgery

Inclusion Criteria: * Have a histologically confirmed diagnosis of primary breast carcinoma that has been surgically resected; (this regimen is not intended for neoadjuvant treatment) * 4 + nodes * OR if 1-3 + nodes, either ER OR HER-2/neu+ * OR have high-risk node negative disease that is HER-2/neu positive OR \>= 2.0 cm tumor size * HER-2/new + definition: patient has known tumor HER-2/new expression = 3+ by IHC or, if 2+ by IHC confirmed to be FISH positive * Patients with clinically apparent cardiac disease, or history of same, are not eligible; patients who are \>= 60 years of age or who have a history of hypertension must have an echocardiogram or MUGA prior to enrollment; patients with breast cancer that is HER-2/neu positive and a treatment plan that includes Herceptin must have an echocardiogram or MUGA scan prior to enrollment; the LVEF must be within the institutional normal range; if LVEF is \> 75%, the investigator should consider having the LVEF reviewed or repeating the MUGA prior to registration * WBC \>= 4,000 * ANC \>= 1,500 * Platelet count \>= 100,000 * Serum creatinine =\< 1.5 x IULN * Bilirubin =\< 2.0 * SGOT/SGPT/alkaline phosphatase =\< 2 x IULN * Elevations greater than these require metastatic work up * Be informed of the investigational nature of this study and provide written informed consent in accordance with institutional and federal guidelines prior to study specific screening procedures Exclusion Criteria: * Except for the following, no other malignancy is allowed: synchronous ipsilateral breast cancer of the same subtype (ER/PR, HER-2/neu), adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, in situcervical cancer or other stage I or II cancer from which the patient has been disease free for at least 5 years * Patients with cardiac disease that would preclude the use of Adriamycin, Taxol or Herceptin are not eligible; this includes: * Angina pectoris that requires the use of antianginal medication * Cardiac arrhythmia requiring medication * Severe conduction abnormality * Clinically significant valvular disease * Cardiomegaly on chest x-ray * Ventricular hypertrophy on EKG * Uncontrolled hypertension, (diastolic greater than 100 mm/Hg or systolic \> 200 mm/hg) * Current use of digitalis or beta blockers for CHF * Clinically significant pericardial effusion * Myocardial infarction documented as a clinical diagnosis or by EKG or any other test * Documented congestive heart failure * Documented cardiomyopathy * Documented arrhythmia or cardiac valvular disease that requires medication or is medically significant * Patients who have received prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy are not eligible * Patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding are not eligible; women of child bearing potential must agree to practice adequate contraception * Patients with active infection are not eligible * Patients who are known to be infected with HIV, hepatitis B or hepatitis C are not eligible; testing is not required unless there is a high index of clinical suspicion * Patients suffering from psychiatric impairment are not eligible