The objective of this study was to assess the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of a single inhaled dose of (administered in 1 or 2 puffs) Staccato Loxapine in healthy volunteers.
Safety and pharmacokinetic data obtained from 50 subjects (between the ages of 18 to 55 years) entered into this randomized, placebo-controlled study. To obtain 50 enrolled subjects, screening procedures and inclusion/exclusion criteria were evaluated for 126 subjects during a variable screening period of up to 21 days. Once enrolled, subjects were randomized to either Staccato Loxapine or Staccato placebo. Plasma samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were collected beginning on Day 0, pre-dose and continuing for 24 hr post dose. Blood samples for the PK analysis of loxapine and its metabolites (8-OH loxapine, 7-OH loxapine and amoxapine) were obtained at time 0 (immediately before dosing), at 30 sec, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 30, 45 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 hr after dosing. Plasma concentrations of loxapine and metabolites were used to estimate the following PK parameters for loxapine and its metabolites: area under the plasma concentration time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf), AUC from time 0 to time tlast, the last quantifiable concentration (AUClast), maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax), observed time of Cmax (tmax), terminal phase elimination rate constant (ke), apparent terminal elimination half life calculated from ke (T½ ), apparent total body clearance / fraction absorbed calculated from AUCinf and dose (CL/F) (for loxapine and the metabolites where permitted by measurable concentrations). Safety was evaluated by the incidence of adverse events, clinical laboratory testing (blood chemistry, hematology, and urinalysis), physical examination, vital signs, pulse oximetry, postural vital signs, 12-lead electrocardiogram, pulmonary function tests, continuous 12-lead Holter monitoring, sedation assessments, akathisia assessments.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
50
Single 0.625 mg (lowest) dose of inhaled loxapine
Single 1.25 mg (2nd) dose of inhaled loxapine
Single 2.5 mg (3rd) dose of inhaled loxapine
Covance Clinical Research Unit Inc., d/b/a Covance GFI Research
Evansville, Indiana, United States
Tmax
Tmax = time from inhalation to to maximum observed loxapine concentration
Time frame: predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 30 and 45 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours
Half-life
Half-life of the terminal elimination phase of loxapine concentrations
Time frame: predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 30 and 45 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours
ke
elimination rate constant
Time frame: predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 30 and 45 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours
Clearance
clearance (CL/F) of lozxapine
Time frame: predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 30 and 45 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours
Cmax
maximum concentration of loxapine observed
Time frame: predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 30 and 45 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours
Dose Proportionality (AUCinf) by Power Analysis
Dose proportionality by power analysis examines the linear regression of the log-AUC versus log-Dose on a by-patient basis across all doses administered. The slope and 90% confidence interval (CI) provide a clear, quantitative (best practices) assessment of the relationship of drug delivered to dose administered. The units on such analyses are generally those of slope (rise over run), with 1.000 being "perfect". Although any positive slope might be considered clinically useful, a 90% CI within the criteria of 0.800-1.250 may be considered a delivery system which is "as good as it gets".
Time frame: predose, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10, 30 and 45 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Single 5 mg (4th) dose of inhaled loxapine
Single 10 mg (5th) dose of inhaled loxapine
Single placebo dose of inhaled loxapine