Increasing Dose Safety Study of Hemospan in Orthopedic Surgery Patients

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult male or postmenopausal female(last menses at least 12 months prior and laboratory assessment verifying appropriate FSH and LH levels \[laboratory assessments not necessary if last menses at least 12 months prior\]), American Society of Anesthesiologists classification system (ASA) class I or II patients over the age of 18 scheduled for orthopedic surgery with spinal anesthesia * Patients have to be in good health (other than the orthopedic indication for surgery) as determined by medical history, physical examination, clinical laboratory studies and ECG, all within four weeks prior to drug administration * At screening (within four weeks prior to drug administration) the iohexol clearance, urinalysis and hematology (hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, WBC, platelets, reticulocytes percentage), PT, PTT had to be within the laboratory normal limits, If a clinical laboratory value (Na, K, albumin, serum creatinine, urea, bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, LDH, conjugated bilirubin, lipase, amylase, total protein, C1, Ca, CK, CK-MB, troponin, cholesterol, glucose, β-2 microglobulin, NAG, osmolarity) is outside the normal range the laboratory test can be repeated. A patient with two consecutive abnormal values is not allowed to participate in the study unless the PI determines the change is not clinically significant. A notation of "Not clinically significant (NCS)" is noted on the laboratory record in that case. * Patients have to sign an informed consent form for the study, which is reviewed and approved by the IECs of the Karolinska Hospital or the Stockholm Söder Hospital Exclusion Criteria: * Any acute or chronic condition which limits the patient's ability to complete the study or jeopardizes the safety of the patient * Patients with a history, or clinical manifestation of significant metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disorders (including arrhythmia, tachycardia, hypertension, angina pectoris, chronic heart failure) or psychiatric disorders * Patients with a history of chronic hepatic or renal disease * Pregnancy * Patients who have received any other investigational drugs within 30 days prior to administration of the study drug * Patients who test positive to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B or hepatitis C screens or have any other chronic infection * Professional or ancillary personnel involved with the study * Presence of a hemoglobinopathy * Known allergy to iodine-containing intravenous contrast material or seafood * Coagulopathy