The purpose of this study was to evaluate a single dose of FluBlok in terms of safety, efficacy and effectiveness in prevention of influenza and influenza-like illness and assess clinical lot-to-lot consistency in manufacturing by evaluating and comparing the immunogenicity of three different lots of FluBlok in a subset of participants.
All currently licensed influenza vaccines in the United States were produced in embryonated hen's eggs. There were several well-recognized disadvantages to the use of eggs as the substrate for influenza vaccine. Eggs required specialized manufacturing facilities and could be difficult to scale up rapidly in response to an emerging need such as a pandemic. It was usually necessary to adapt candidate vaccine viruses for high-yield growth in eggs, a process that could be time consuming, was not always successful, and could select receptor variants that might have suboptimal immunogenicity. In addition, agricultural diseases that affected chicken flocks, and that might be an important issue in a pandemic due to an avian influenza virus strain, could easily disrupt the supply of eggs for vaccine manufacturing. Therefore, development of alternative substrates for influenza vaccine production had been identified as a high-priority objective. One potential alternative method for production of influenza vaccine was expression of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) using recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) techniques. This alternative avoided dependence on eggs and was very efficient because of the high levels of protein expression under the control of the baculovirus polyhedrin promoter.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
4,648
Dose: 0.5 mL, single dose; Route of administration: intramuscular. Recombinant Trivalent Hemagglutinin Influenza Vaccine containing 45 microgram (mcg) of each hemagglutinin derived from A/Solomon Islands/3/2006 (H1N1), A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2), and B/Malaysia/2506/2004
Dose: 0.5 mL normal saline for injection, single dose; Route of administration: intramuscular
Impact Clinical Trials
Beverly Hills, California, United States
Number of Participants Reporting Solicited Injection Site (Local) Reactions
Solicited reaction (reactogenicity event) was an adverse event (AE) that was pre-listed in electronic case report form(eCRF), considered to be related to vaccination and recorded by participant by means of memory aid. Injection sites reaction included pain,bruising,redness,swelling. Pain and bruising:Grade0: didn't have it at all; Grade1: noticed it, but it didn't interfere with usual activities at all; Grade2: had it, and it was bad enough to prevent a significant part of usual activities; Grade3: had it, and it prevented most or all of normal activities, or had to see a doctor for prescription medicine, Redness and swelling: participants measured largest diameter of any injection site reaction and grade them from 0 to 3, where Grade0: measured less than(\<)10 milliliters(mm); Grade1: larger than or equal to(\>=) 10mm and \<20mm; Grade 2: \>=20mm and \<50mm; Grade3: \>=50mm. Participants with multiple symptoms in same category were counted once per category using symptom with maximum grade
Time frame: Within 7 days post vaccination
Number of Participants Reporting Solicited Systemic Reactions
Solicited reaction (reactogenicity event) was an AE that was pre-listed in eCRF, considered to be related to vaccination recorded by the participant by means of a memory aid between the day of vaccination (Day 0) and Day 7 post vaccination. Systemic events included fever, fatigue, shivering, joint pain, muscle pain, headache, and nausea. Fever: \>=100.4 degree Fahrenheit (ºF) to \<101.1ºF; \>=101.2ºF to \<102.2ºF; \>=102.2ºF; Fatigue, shivering, joint pain, muscle pain, headache and nausea: Grade 0: didn't have it at all; Grade 1: noticed it, but it didn't interfere with usual activities at all; Grade 2: had it, and it was bad enough to prevent a significant part of usual activities; and Grade 3: had it, and it prevented most or all of normal activities, or had to see a doctor for prescription medicine. Participants with multiple symptoms in the same category were counted once per category using the symptom with the maximum grade.
Time frame: Within 7 days post vaccination
Number of Participants Reporting Unsolicited Adverse Events
An AE was defined as any unfavorable and unintended sign (e.g., a clinically significant abnormal laboratory finding), symptom, or disease temporally associated with the use of a study vaccine, whether or not considered to be related to the study vaccine. An unsolicited AE was an observed AE that did not fulfill the conditions prelisted (i.e., solicited) in the eCRF in terms of symptom and/or onset post-vaccination, ascertained during follow-up visit or telephone contact up to (and including) the Day 28 contact, whether reported spontaneously by the participant or in response to general questions about current or interim health status.
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Benchmark Research - Sacramento
Sacramento, California, United States
Benchmark Research - San Francisco
San Francisco, California, United States
University Clinical Research, Inc
Pembroke Pines, Florida, United States
Vince and Associates
Overland Park, Kansas, United States
Kentucky pediatric /Adult Research
Bardstown, Kentucky, United States
Benchmarch Research - New Orleans
Metairie, Louisiana, United States
University of Maryland - Baltimore
Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Saint Louis University
St Louis, Missouri, United States
Meridian Clinical Research
Omaha, Nebraska, United States
...and 14 more locations
Time frame: From Day 0 (post-vaccination) through Day 28 post vaccination
Lot Consistency: Geometric Mean Titers (GMTs) of Influenza Vaccine Antibodies Following FluBlok Vaccination
GMTs of anti-influenza antibodies were measured using a single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assay for 3 strains: A/Solomon Islands \[H1N1\], A/Wisconsin \[H3N2\], and B/Malaysia. Titers were expressed in terms of 1/dilution.
Time frame: Day 28 post vaccination
Percentage of Participants With Positive Cell Culture/Culture-Confirmed Influenza Like Illness as Defined by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC-ILI)
CDC-defined ILI was defined as fever (body temperature \>=100ºF oral accompanied by cough and/or sore throat, on the same day or on consecutive days) due to strains represented in the vaccine.
Time frame: 14 days post vaccination through and up to 6 months
Percentage of Participants With Seroprotection to Influenza Vaccine Antigens After Vaccination With FluBlok
Anti-influenza antibodies were measured using an HAI assay for 3 strains: A/Solomon Islands \[H1N1\], A/Wisconsin \[H3N2\] and B/Malaysia. Seroprotection was defined as a post-vaccination HAI antibody titer of \>=1:40.
Time frame: 28 days post vaccination
Percentage of Participants With Seroconversion to Influenza Vaccine Antigens After Vaccination With FluBlok
Anti-influenza antibodies were measured using an HAI assay for 3 strains: A/Solomon Islands \[H1N1\], A/Wisconsin \[H3N2\] and B/Malaysia. Seroconversion was defined as a post-vaccination titer of \>=1:40 in participants with undetectable baseline antibody (HI titer = \<1:10) or a \>=4-fold rise in antibody in participants with a baseline titer of \>=1:10, with the achievement of post-vaccination titer of at least 1:40.
Time frame: 28 days post vaccination