Effects of Hesperidin on Bone Biomarkers in Postmenopausal Women

Inclusion Criteria: * Community dwelling women * More than 4 years post-menopause (natural or surgical) * Generally healthy as determined by standard medical assessment on physical and mental health * Willing to comply with the study procedures * Willing to accept use of all nameless data, including publication, and the confidential use and storage of all data * Having received both oral and written explanations about the study * Having provided her written informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Intestinal or severe metabolic diseases / disorders such as diabetes, renal, hepatic or pancreatic diseases / disorders, ulcer, hyperthyroidism, malignance, chronic malnutrition * Have had major gastrointestinal surgery * On therapy with drugs known to interfere with bone metabolism such as steroids, vitamin D or its derivatives, bisphosphonates, strontium ranelate, PTH, calcitonin, raloxifene, etc. * Had sustained a fracture in the preceding 12 months * On hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the previous 3 months before entering the study * Taking medications containing hesperidin (e.g.Daflon) or known to interfere with hesperidin (statins, therapy for circulatory disorders, anti-depressants) * Known to have allergic reactions to citrus-containing foods * Baseline calcium intake less than 500 mg/day * Have an alcohol intake \> 2 glasses of wine per day (3dL/day), or \> 2 beers (3dL/d) or \> 1 shot glass of hard alcohol * Heavy smoker (more than 10 cigs a day) * Special dietary habits (vegetarians) * Phytoestrogens or antioxidants (dietary supplements) consumption