Surgical Pain After Inguinal Hernia Repair (SPAIHR)

Numerical Rating Scale (NRS): Current Pain at Rest

NRS: a self-administered questionnaire to rate pain. A single item asks participant to rate current pain at rest (preceding pain with movement); range: 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain).

Time frame: 2 hours (h) before surgery (BS); 1, 2, and 3 h post surgery (PS); Days 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 PS

Numeric Rating Scale (NRS): Current Pain at Rest - Area Under the Curve (AUC)

NRS: a self-administered questionnaire to rate pain. AUC for a single item asking participant to rate current pain at rest (preceding pain with movement); range: 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain).

Time frame: 1 through 48 hours post surgery (PS)

Numeric Rating Scale (NRS): Average Pain

NRS: a self-administered questionnaire to rate pain. A single item asks participant to rate pain on average in the last 24 hours; range: 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain).

Time frame: 2 hours (h) before surgery (BS); 1, 2, and 3 h post surgery (PS); Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 PS

Time From End of Surgery to First Rescue Medication

Rescue medication includes both naproxen and narcotic medication (including tramadol and opioid analgesics). For subjects without use of rescue medication, the time-to-event variable is censored at the Beginning of Taper Visit (Day 7 PS) or at time of withdrawal.

Time frame: Day 1 through Day 7 post surgery

Time From End of Surgery to Reach a Total Score of at Least 9 on the Post-Anesthetic Discharge Scoring System (PADS)

PADS is a 5-item scale (individual item range: 0-2; higher scores indicating better readiness for hospital discharge). Total score range: 0-10, with 9 or higher indicating eligibility for discharge. End of surgery is time of transfer to post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Subjects who did not reach a score of 9 on PADS were censored at the date and time of discharge.

Time frame: Day 1

Time From End of Surgery to Discharge From Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU)

Time frame: Day 1

Daily Sleep Interference Rating Scale (DSIRS) Score

DSIRS: self-administered 11-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (pain does not interfere with sleep) to 10 (pain completely interferes with sleep \[unable to sleep due to pain\]) during past 24-hour period. Higher score indicates a greater level of sleep disturbance. Performed daily on awakening, prior to taking study medication.

Time frame: Days 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 post surgery (PS)

Total Cumulative Dose of Opioids and Tramadol Used During and After Surgery

Total cumulative dose of opioids and tramadol administered by any route during surgery and postoperatively. Dose of tramadol calculated as milligrams (mg) of oral morphine equivalent.

Time frame: 24, 48, and 72 hours (h) post surgery (PS), and Days 4, 5, 6, and 7 PS

Amount of Non-opioid Rescue Medication (Naproxen and Antiemetic Medications) Used During the Study

Total cumulative dose of naproxen calculated in milligrams (mg) from the end of surgery up to and including Day 7 after surgery.

Time frame: End of Surgery through Day 7 post surgery

Total Clinically Meaningful Event (CME) Score and Cumulative Total Distinct CME Score Using the Opioid-Related Symptom Distress Scale (OR-SDS)

OR-SDS: a self-administered assessment of 10 common opioid-related side effects (symptoms). A CME is a severe or very severe symptom (or moderate or greater severity symptom of confusion). The Total Distinct CME score is the sum of CMEs across symptoms (range: 0 \[none\] to 10 \[10 CMEs\]); the Cumulative Total Distinct (CT Distinct) CME score is the sum of Total Distinct CME scores at observation and prior observations. The Total CME score is the same as the Total Distinct CME score except that only 1 CME is counted if both nausea and vomiting (or retching) occur (range: 0 \[none\] to 9 \[9 CMEs\]).

Time frame: 3, 24, and 72 hours (h) Post-Surgery (PS), and End of Treatment (EOT [Day 7 PS or Early Termination])

Participants With Clinically Meaningful Events (CMEs) for Individual Symptoms Using the Opioid-Related Symptom Distress Scale (OR-SDS)

OR-SDS: a self-administered assessment of 10 common opioid-related side effects (symptoms). A CME is a severe or very severe symptom (or moderate or greater severity symptom of confusion). For individual symptom categories, the number of subjects who experienced at least one CME. Concentrate (concentr).

Time frame: 3, 24, and 72 hours (h) post surgery (PS), and End of Treatment (EOT [Day 7 PS or Early Termination])

Subject Global Evaluation of Study Medication (GESM)

GESM is a self-administered overall impression (global evaluation) of study medication received for pain; 4 categories: poor, fair, good, and excellent.

Time frame: 24 hours (h) post surgery (PS) and End of Treatment (EOT [Day 7 PS or Early Termination])

Participants With Wound Healing Complications

Investigator-assigned mutually exclusive categories of: 1) no surgical wound complication, 2) superficial incisional surgical site infection, 3) deep incisional surgical site infection, 4) organ or space surgical site infection, or 5) non-infectious wound healing complication.

Time frame: Day 7 post surgery (PS) and up to 30 days PS

Participants With Physician Contacts Post-discharge

Number of participants who answered "yes" to the Post-Surgery Contact question: "From the time you were discharged from the hospital, did you have to contact any type of physician because of pain, difficulty getting up and walking about, or difficulty with passing urine?"

Time frame: 24 and 72 hours (h) post surgery (PS)

Baseline and Change From Baseline in Anxiety Visual Analog Scale (VAS) Score

Anxiety VAS is a single-item self-administered continuous measure of anxiety using a 100-millimeter (mm) line on which the subject is asked to place a mark indicating the intensity of current anxiety. The score is the distance in mm from the left-most point on the line to the subject's mark; range: 0 (Not at all anxious) at the left-most point to 100 (Extremely anxious) at the right-most point. Performed prior to blood draws.

Time frame: Baseline; 2 hours (h) before surgery (BS); 1, 2, and 3 h PS; Days 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 PS

Baseline and Change From Baseline in EuroQol (EQ-5D) Health State Profile Score

EQ-5D is a self-administered questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life in 5 domains (mobility, self care, usual activities, pain or discomfort, and anxiety or depression). Scores from the 5 domains are used to calculate a single index value: the Health State Profile Score; range: 0.0 (death) to 1.0 (perfect health), higher scores indicating better health state.

Time frame: Baseline and End of Treatment (EOT [Day 7 post surgery or Early Termination])

Change From Baseline in Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) Total Score and Subscales

The PCS is a self-administered questionnaire with 13 items, each scored from 0 (not at all) to 4 (all the time) for extent to which participant catastrophizes postoperative pain. Total score is sum of scores for all questions (range: 0 to 52); Subscale scores: Rumination (sum of scores for 4 items; range: 0 to 16); Magnification (sum of scores for 3 items; range: 0 to 12); and Helplessness (sum of scores for 6 items; range: 0 to 24); higher scores mean a greater extent of pain catastrophizing.

Time frame: 3 hours (h) post surgery (PS) and End of Treatment (EOT [Day 7 PS or Early Termination])

Relationship Between Baseline and Postoperative Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) Score and Severity of Acute Pain and to Response to Therapy

The PCS is a self-administered questionnaire with 13 items, each scored from 0 (not at all) to 4 (all the time) for extent to which participant catastrophizes postoperative pain. Total score is sum of scores for all items (range: 0 to 52); higher scores mean a greater extent of pain catastrophizing.

Time frame: Baseline and Days 1 and 7 post surgery (PS)

Baseline and Change From Baseline in Short Form Acute Health Survey 12-Item Version (SF-12v2) Physical Component Summary Score (PCSS) and Mental Component Summary Score (MCSS)

PCSS and MCSS are component summary scores from the self-administered SF-12v2 acute health quality of life, norm-based survey. PCSS range: 4.95 to 76.13; MCSS range: -0.79 to 79.69; lowest scores mean very much below and highest scores mean very much above the general population average.

Time frame: Baseline and End of Treatment (EOT [Day 7 post surgery or Early Termination])

Participants With Chronic Postoperative Pain

Number of participants who reported surgery-related pain at assessment (by answering 'yes' to a single question: "In the last 24 hours, have you had pain in the area affected by your surgery?")

Time frame: 1, 3, and 6 months (mo) post surgery (PS)

Chronic Postoperative Pain: Pain Severity Index Score and Pain Interference Index Score on the Modified Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (mBPI-sf)

m-BPI-sf: a self-administered 11-point Likert rating scale to rate pain in the past 24 hours. Pain interference index score is mean of 7 individual item scores for interference of pain with functional activities (general activity, mood, walking ability, relations with other people, sleep, normal work, and enjoyment of life); range: 0 (does not interfere) to 10 (completely interferes with functional activities). Pain severity index score is mean of 4 individual item scores for pain severity (pain right now, and worst, least, and average pain); range: 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain).

Time frame: 1, 3, and 6 months (mo) post surgery (PS)

Chronic Postoperative Pain: Total Score and Subscale Scores Using the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory (NPSI)

NPSI: a 12-item self-administered questionnaire to assess the characteristics of neuropathic pain on average in the last 24 hours. 5 subscale scores include: burning spontaneous (spont.) pain, pressing spont. pain, paroxysmal pain, evoked pain, and paresthesia or dysesthesia (paresth/dysesth) (range: 0 \[no pain\] to 10 \[worst pain imaginable\]); total score calculated from the 5 pain subscores (range: 0 to 0.5), higher scores meaning worse pain.

Time frame: 1, 3, and 6 months (mo) post surgery (PS)