Evaluation of Cardiorespiratory Events in Subjects Undergoing an Upper and/or Lower Endoscopy Under Current Sedation Practices

Inclusion Criteria:adult * (\>=18 years),ASA I-III, non-emergent upper and/or lower endoscopy Exclusion Criteria: * Emergent indications for upper and/or lower endoscopy (i.e., acute hemorrhage, cholangitis) * Baseline respiratory rate of \< 6 breaths per minute * Baseline hypotension (systolic blood pressure \< 90 mm Hg) * Baseline arterial oxygen saturation \< 90% on room air * Baseline bradycardia: heart rate \< 50 beats per minute * Baseline tachycardia: heart rate \> 110 beats per minute * Allergy or inability to tolerate any of the sedatives or analgesics to be administered during the procedure * Inability to squeeze the Automated Responsiveness Test hand piece (last 50 subjects only) * Significant hearing impairment * Actively abusing alcohol, opioids, benzodiazapines or sedatives, or other drugs * Are considered tolerant to opioids, benzodiazapines and/or other sedatives through prescription.