Telephone-Based Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce Blood Pressure in Prehypertensive Patients

Overview

Individuals with prehypertension are at risk for developing cardiovascular disease and sustained hypertension. Modifying lifestyle behaviors (diet, weight loss, sodium intake, physical activity, alcohol intake) has been shown to reduce blood pressure in hypertensives. Participants in this study will be enrolled in one of two groups. Participants in the first group will receive usual care, and participants in the second group will receive a 4 session telephone-based lifestyle intervention. The goal of the study is to determine whether this intervention is effective in promoting behavior change and reducing blood pressure among prehypertensives.

Individuals with prehypertension are at increased cardiovascular risk compared with normotension, as well as increased risk of progression to sustained hypertension. The recommended treatment for prehypertension is lifestyle modification, including weight loss, adoption of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet, reduction of dietary sodium, physical activity, and moderation of alcohol intake. The proposed pilot study will test the effect of a 4 session telephone-based lifestyle intervention on blood pressure change in 125 prehypertensive participants. The intervention includes education and behavioral counseling strategies that have been shown to be effective in promoting behavior change and reducing blood pressure among hypertensives. Following baseline assessment, participants will be randomized to the intervention or usual care, and will complete follow-up assessments at 6 weeks and 3 months post-randomization. The primary aim of the study is to examine the effect of the intervention on blood pressure at 3 months. Secondary aims include examining intervention effects on lifestyle behavior changes at 6 weeks and 3 months. This study will provide pilot and feasibility data for a future application to study effects of the intervention on risk factor modification, blood pressure reduction, and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. If successful, this brief, cost-effective intervention could easily be incorporated into routine care, and could have a significant impact on the management of prehypertension.