Intensive Chemotherapy and Autotransplantation for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma

Inclusion Criteria: * Pathologic evidence of an anaplastic oligodendroglioma. For this study, World Health Organization classification criteria will be used. Central pathology review must take place prior to high-dose therapy but need not occur prior to study entry and induction therapy. * Pathologic evidence of an anaplastic mixed glioma (i.e. oligoastrocytoma). Again, histopathologic diagnosis will be made using World Health Organization classification criteria. To qualify as a mixed tumor there must be a minimum of 25% oligodendroglial element. Central pathology review must take place prior to high-dose therapy but need not occur in advance of enrollment or induction therapy. * The diagnostic surgical procedure may have been a complete resection, partial resection, or biopsy. * Karnofsky performance status \> or equal to 60. * Granulocyte count \> or equal to 1.5 X 109/L. * Platelet count \> or equal to 100 X 109/L * SGOT \< than or equal to 2X upper limit of normal. * Serum creatinine \< than or equal to 1.5X upper limit of normal * Bilirubin \< than or equal to 1.5X upper limit of normal * All patients must sign written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Systemic or leptomeningeal metastases (excluding contiguous leptomeninges) * Prior cranial radiotherapy or systemic chemotherapy * Other concurrent malignancy (with the exception of cervical carcinoma in situ or basal cell carcinoma of the skin) or serious illness if this would interfere with the prescribed treatment. * Pregnant or lactating women * Refusal to use effective contraception