Lifestyle choices,including diet,are conducive to healthy body weights in children. Dairy products and calcium supplementation have been associated with moderation of body weight and body fat. This study was designed to test the following hypotheses with overweight and obese adolescents consuming a controlled diet: * Dietary calcium supplementation as calcium carbonate or dairy calcium modulates energy balance in adolescents. * Increased calcium in the diet of adolescents will increase fecal fat excretion and thereby decrease fat absorption. * Calcium and dairy product supplementation will increase lipid oxidation resulting in an increase in energy expenditure.
Subjects will consume a controlled diet containing 800 mg calcium for two three week periods. During one period they will also receive a frozen ice cream like product (smoothie) twice a day based on soy protein that contains no additional calcium. During the other period they will receive a similar product twice a day based on either dairy protein that contains 650 mg calcium or based on soy protein that contains 650 mg calcium as calcium carbonate
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
43
Two smoothies per day based on soy protein containing no additional calcium
Two smoothies daily based on soy protein containing 650 mg calcium as calcium carbonate
Two smoothies daily based on dairy protein containing 650 mg calcium
Department of Foods and Nutrition
West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
Energy balance will be calculated by quantitating the kilocalories represented by the following components: dietary intake, excreta, physical activity, resting energy expenditure, thermic effect of food, and thermogenesis.
Time frame: After equilibration on a controlled diet for one week, measurements will be taken over an additional two week period.
Serum biochemical measures of calcium metabolism (PTH, Vitamin D, and calcium)
Time frame: Serial meausures over a 10 hour period following a meal containing calcium from the placebo, dairy or calcium carbonate supplement
Calcium retention
Time frame: Two weeks on a controlled diet following one week of equilibration on the same diet
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