This will be an open-label, non-randomized trial pilot phase II trial open to patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. The purpose of the study is to find out if the combination of decitabine, arsenic trioxide and ascorbic acid is safe.
Conventional therapy for MDS has been poor at best. Supportive care with transfusion therapy and antibiotics have remained an option for all patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The only known curative therapy is an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. However due to its high morbidity in this elderly population and the lack of available donors, it is estimated that less than 5% of patients with MDS are candidates for this type of aggressive therapy. Investigational therapies are thus warranted in MDS. Decitabine shows significant clinical activity in patients with MDS, with moderate toxicity. The major toxicity is myelosuppression with subsequent infection occurring in 20-25% of patients. Arsenic trioxide is an FDA approved drug for the treatment of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) who are refractory to, or have relapsed from, retinoid and anthracycline chemotherapy. Two pivotal studies of arsenic trioxide in the setting of relapsed APL showed a complete remission rate of 87% with a 36 month survival estimate of 50%. As of May 2004, over 800 patients had received arsenic trioxide in clinical studies or through a compassionate use program, and an additional 3600 patients had received the drug in clinical practice. Arsenic trioxide shows clinical activity in MDS. Side effects have been noted and are manageable. Adult patients with an established diagnosis of MDS will receive decitabine 20 mg/m2 IV over one hour for days1-5 of each cycle, and arsenic trioxide 0.25 mg/kg IV for days 1-5 of cycle 1 followed by 0.25 mg/kg twice weekly (Mon-Thursday or Tues-Fri) for all remaining cycles. The dose of ascorbic acid will be 1000 mg in 100 mL a solution of 5% dextrose in water (D5W) (protected from light and air) administered as an IV infusion over 15 to 30 minutes and administered within 30 minutes after arsenic trioxide administration. Each cycle will consist of 4 weeks of treatment, and patients will be assessed each cycle for toxicity, and after 4 cycles for response as defined by the International Working Group (IWG - see section 8.0). Patients will have transfusion and supportive care therapy administered per the treating physician's discretion. Patients with a response (complete response - CR, partial remission - PR, or hematologic improvement) after 4 cycles of therapy may choose to continue on two more cycles of decitabine with arsenic and ascorbic acid given only during the first week of those two additional cycles.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
7
Subjects receive decitabine 20 mg/m2 IV over one hour for days1-5 of each cycle, and arsenic trioxide 0.25 mg/kg IV for days 1-5 of cycle 1 followed by 0.25 mg/kg twice weekly (Mon-Thursday or Tues-Fri) for all remaining cycles. Patients will have transfusion and supportive care therapy administered per the treating physician's discretion. Patients with a response after 4 cycles of therapy may choose to continue on two more cycles of decitabine with arsenic and ascorbic acid given only during the first week of those two additional cycles.
Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina, United States
Number of Patients With an Overall Response of Complete Response (CR) or Partial Response (PR)
Complete response and Partial response are defined using 2000 international working group (IWG) criteria. The Primary criteria for a CR is a repeat bone marrow showing \< 5% myeloblasts with normal maturation of all cell lines, with no evidence for dysplasia . A PR meets all the CR criteria except Blasts decreased by \>50% over pretreatment, or a less advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) French American British (FAB) classification than pretreatment.
Time frame: after 4 cycles of therapy
Duration of a Complete or Partial Response Based on Number of People Who Responded.
Number of months a complete or partial response was maintained.
Time frame: Up to 5 years or until death
Number of Patients With an Unacceptable Toxicity
Any of the following non-hematologic toxicities that causes a patient's therapy to be suspended or discontinued: Creatinine \> 2x baseline value; serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), Total bilirubin \> 2x the upper limit of normal; Febrile neutropenia; Uncontrolled infection; Hepatotoxicity defined as an increase in serum bilirubin, SGOT, or alkaline phosphatase to \>5 times baseline value); nephrotoxicity (defined as serum creatinine \>3.5 times the ULN); neurological impairment (defined as somnolence, seizures, or impaired mentation); severe peripheral neuropathy, or any non-hematologic grade 4 toxic event.
Time frame: During the treatment period and for 30 days after last dose of study drug
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