A Study of Recombinant Vaccinia Virus to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of a Transdermal Injection Within the Tumor of Patients With Primary or Metastatic Hepatic Carcinoma

Inclusion Criteria: * Age ≥ 18 years * Patients with hepatic carcinoma (primary or metastatic) clinically or histologically confirmed to have tumors (≤10cm maximum diameter) that are progressing (refractory to standard treatment) despite regular treatment and that can be transdermally accessed by an injection needle in an imaging-guided procedure * Tumor progression despite undergoing regular treatment such as surgery, transarterial chemoembolization, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy * Performance score: Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) ≥70 * Expected survival of at least 16 weeks * For patients who are sexually active, able and willing to use contraceptives for a three month period during and after taking JX-594 * WBC \> 3,500 cells/mm3 * ANC \> 1,500 cells/mm3 * Hemoglobin \> 10g/dL * Platelet count \> 75,000 plts/mm3 * Serum creatinine \< 1.5 mg/dL * AST, ALT \< 2.5 x ULN * Total bilirubin ≤ 2.0 mg/dL * In patients with primary HCC, Child Pugh A or B * Able/willing to sign an IRB/IEC/REB-approved written consent form * Able and willing to comply with study procedures and follow-up examinations Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnant or nursing an infant * Known infection with HIV * Clinically significant active infection or uncontrolled medical condition considered high risk for investigational new drug treatment * Significant immunodeficiency due to underlying illness (e.g. hematological malignancies, congenital immunodeficiencies and/or HIV infection/AIDS) and/or medication (e.g. high-dose systemic corticosteroids) * Patients with household contacts with significant immunodeficiency * History of exfoliative skin condition (e.g. severe eczema, ectopic dermatitis, or similar skin disorder) that at some stage has required systemic therapy * Severe or unstable cardiac disease * Use of adrenal cortical hormone drug or immunosuppressant within four weeks of study enrollment