Tarceva Italian Lung Optimization tRial

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 years or older * Histological or cytological confirmation of NSCLC (may be from initial diagnosis of NSCLC or subsequent biopsy). Only patients with available tissue samples may be included in the study * Absence of EGFR mutations of exons 19 or 21 (randomization) * Locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC, not amenable to curative surgery or radiotherapy * One prior platinum-based at adequate doses and taxane free regimen * Measurable (uni-dimensional) disease by RECIST in a lesion not previously irradiated or non-measurable disease * ECOG-PS 0-2 * ANC greater than 1.5 x 109/L and platelets greater than 100 x 109/L * Bilirubin level either normal or \<1.5xULN * AST (SGOT) and ALT (SGPT) \<2.5xULN (≤5 x ULN if liver metastases are present) * Serum creatinine \<1.5xULN * Effective contraception for both, male and female pts, if the risk of conception exists * Recovery from all acute toxicities of prior therapies * Provision of written informed consent to the analysis of biological markers (registration) * Provision of written informed consent to enter the randomized part of the study (randomization) Exclusion Criteria: * Prior therapy with an experimental agent whose primary mechanism of action is inhibition of EGFR or its associated tyrosine kinase * Prior chemotherapy with taxanes * Newly diagnosed CNS metastases that have not yet been treated with surgery and/or radiation. Pts with previously diagnosed and treated CNS metastases or spinal cord compression may be considered if they have evidence of clinically SD (no steroid therapy or steroid dose being tapered) for at least 28 daysLess than 14 days since completion of prior radiotherapy or persistence of any radiotherapy related toxicity * Any unresolved chronic toxicity from previous anticancer therapy that, in the opinion of the investigator, makes it inappropriate for the patient to be enrolled in the study Known severe hypersensitivity to erlotinib or any of the excipients of this product * Known hypersensitivity to docetaxel, polysorbate 80 or other drugs formulated with polysorbate 80, or any of the excipients of docetaxel * Other co-existing malignancies or malignancies diagnosed within the last 5 years with the exception of basal cell carcinoma or cervical cancer in situ * Unable to swallow tablets * Any evidence of clinically active interstitial lung disease (patients with chronic, stable, radiographic changes who are asymptomatic or patients with uncomplicated progressive lymphangitic carcinomatosis need not be excluded) * As judged by the investigator, any evidence of severe or uncontrolled systemic disease (e.g., unstable or uncompensated respiratory, cardiac, hepatic or renal disease) * As judged by the investigator, any inflammatory changes of the surface of the eye * Evidence of any other significant clinical disorder or laboratory finding that makes it undesirable for the patient to participate in the study