A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Use of Episodic, Intensive Blood Glucose Monitoring in Persons With Non-insulin Treated Type 2 Diabetes

Number of Visits With Diabetic Medication and/or Lifestyle Change Recommendations

Treatment intensification was assessed at each clinic visit. The physician evaluated the patient and made recommendations of a change in two areas: changes in diabetic medication and/or changes in lifestyle (such as diet, exercise and education.)

Time frame: 12 Months

Change From Baseline in Depression Severity (PHQ-8)

The Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8) is an eight-item patient questionnaire to measure the severity of depression disorders over the previous 2 weeks. Each item is rated on a 4-point scale of: 0=not at all to 3=nearly every day. The total score for all items range from 0 (best) to 24 (worst). Results were calculated using a Linear Mixed Model with study group, visit, group-by-visit interaction, baseline PHQ-8, gender, age, and race as fixed effects; and site and subject as random effects. A negative change from Baseline indicated improvement.

Time frame: Baseline, Month 12

Change From Baseline in the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS)

Participants rated their level of diabetes distress by answering 17 questions in in the following areas: Regimen-related Distress, Emotional Burden, Diabetes-related Interpersonal Distress and Physician-related Distress (PD) on a 6-point scale: 1=Not a problem to 6=A very serious problem. The Average Total score ranged from 1 (best) to 6 (worst). Results were calculated using a Linear Mixed Model with study group, visit, group-by-visit interaction, baseline DDS, gender, age, and race as fixed effects; and site and subject as random effects. A negative change from Baseline indicated improvement.

Time frame: Baseline, Month 12

Change From Baseline in the World Health Organization (WHO-5) Well-being Index

Participants used the WHO-5 to rate their well-being (feeling good and cheerful) for the past 2 weeks using a 6-point scale: 0=At no time to 5=All of the time for a total possible score of 0 (worst) to 100 (best). Results were calculated using a Linear Mixed Model with study group, visit, group-by-visit interaction, baseline WHO-5, gender, age, and race as fixed effects; and site and subject as random effects. A positive change from Baseline indicated improvement.

Time frame: Baseline, Month 12

Change From Baseline in Confidence in Diabetes Self-Care (CIDS-2)

Participants rated how confident they felt about managing each of 20 diabetes self-care tasks using the CIDS-2 questionnaire. Responses were given on a 5-point scale ranging from 1=not at all confident to 5=completely confident for a total possible score of 20 (worst) to 100 (best). Results were calculated using a Linear Mixed Model with study group, visit, group-by-visit interaction, baseline CIDS-2, gender, age, and race as fixed effects; and site and subject as random effects. A positive change from Baseline indicated improvement.

Time frame: Baseline, Month 12

Mean Number of Subject Monitored Blood Glucose (SMBG) Tests Per Day

SMBG data for all participants was collected by the glucose meter and were uploaded directly to a web server. The mean number of SMBG tests/day was calculated for the entire study period.

Time frame: 12 Months

Glycemic Variability Pre and Post-Prandial Excursions at Each Meal

Glycemic Variability was evaluated in the STG group for each 3-day set that corresponded to the days the subjects completed the tool before each post-baseline clinic visit. Some parameters used to estimate glycemic variability over the 3-day profile included mean and maximum post-prandial glucose excursions (differences between pre- and post-meal blood glucose levels), mean blood glucose and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion. The calculation used a Linear mixed model with visit, Month 1 value, gender, age and race (White and Non-White) as fixed effects; and site and subject as random effects.

Time frame: Month 1, Month 12