Working Memory Performance Among Childhood Brain Tumor Survivors

Inclusion Criteria: Brain Tumor Patients * Treated for a primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor with conformal radiation therapy and enrolled on the institutional protocol RT-1 * Initiated radiation therapy at least 2 years prior to enrollment with no evidence of recurrent disease * Age 8-18 years inclusive at the time of enrollment, with sampling to obtain a broad cross-section of participants in terms of age, tumor location and time since RT initiation * English as the primary language * Research participant and one parent willing to participate and provide consent/assent according to institutional guidelines Solid Tumor Patient Controls * Treated for a solid tumor (i.e., Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, soft tissue/rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma or Wilms tumor) at St. Jude without CNS directed therapy - Diagnosed at least 2 years prior to enrollment * Age 8-18 inclusive at the time of enrollment, with age, gender and race sampling to broadly match the brain tumor group * English as the primary language * Research participant and one parent willing to participate and provide consent/assent according to institutional guidelines Sibling Controls * Healthy sibling controls- siblings of St. Jude patients treated for a brain tumor (not necessarily on RT-1) * Age 8-18 inclusive, with age and gender sampling to broadly match the patient group * English as a primary language * Research participant and one parent willing to participate and provide consent/assent according to institutional guidelines Exclusion Criteria: Brain Tumor Patients * Significant impairment in global intellectual functioning (operationalized as an estimated IQ less than 70 as indicated by most recent RT-1 testing) * History of documented CNS injury or disease predating cancer diagnosis * History of documented Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) predating cancer diagnosis by at least one year (must have been diagnosed by a physician with medication prescribed) * Treatment with psychostimulant or psychotropic medication within two weeks of study enrollment * Sensory or motor impairment that would preclude valid cognitive testing Solid Tumor and Sibling Controls * Significant impairment in global intellectual functioning (operationalized as a history of special education in a self-contained classroom) * History of documented CNS injury or disease * History of documented Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (must have been diagnosed by a physician with medication prescribed) * Treatment with psychostimulant or psychotropic medication within two weeks of study enrollment * Sensory or motor impairment that would preclude valid cognitive testing