Use of Ixmyelocel-T (Formerly Cardiac Repair Cell [CRC] Treatment) in Patients With Heart Failure Due to Dilated Cardiomyopathy (IMPACT-DCM)

Inclusion Criteria: * Diagnosis of ischemic or nonischemic DCM according to World Health Organization criteria; OR ischemic DCM (DCM in a patient with a history of myocardial infarction or evidence of clinically significant (\>/= 70% narrowing of a major epicardial artery) coronary artery disease) * No other cardiac surgery or percutaneous cardiac interventions likely to produce clinical improvement, in the opinion of the investigator and the referring interventional cardiologist * Left ventricular ejection fraction \</= 30% by echocardiogram * Symptomatic heart failure in NYHA functional class III or IV * Able to comply with scheduled visits in cardiac out-patient clinic * Able to tolerate study procedures, including bone marrow aspiration, left lateral thoracotomy or thoracoscopy with single lung ventilation, MRI or cardiac CT, spirometry and 6 minute walk test * Males and females, 18-86 years of age * Life expectancy of 6 months or more in the opinion of investigator * Able to give informed consent * Normal organ and marrow function (Leukocytes \>/= 3,000/microgram, Absolute neutrophil count \>/= 1,500/microgram, Platelets \>/= 140,000/microgram, AST (SGOT)/ALT (SGPT) \</= 2.5 x institutional standards range) and Creatinine \</= 2.5 mg/dL) * Adequate pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume in one second \[FEV1\] \> 50% predicted) * Controlled blood pressure (systolic blood pressure \</= 140; diastolic blood pressure \</= 90 mmHg) and established anti-hypertensive therapy as necessary prior to entry into the study * Adequate medical management of DCM and other pre-existing conditions. Drug treatment regimen must have been established for at least a month prior to randomization in eligible patients. * Fertile patients must agree to use an appropriate form of contraception while participating in the study Exclusion Criteria: * Severe primary valvular insufficiency(ies) * Known history of Chronic Obtrusive Pulmonary Disease (Gold stages IIB or more severe only) or restrictive pulmonary disease * Known history of primary pulmonary hypertension * Ventricular Assist Device implantation * Myocardial infarction within 4 weeks of randomization * Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia, except if implantable cardioverter defibrillator is implanted * Unstable angina, characterized by increasingly frequent episodes with modest exertion or at rest, worsening severity, and prolonged duration * Patients receiving treatment with hematopoietic growth factors * Patients who require uninterruptible anticoagulation or anti-platelet therapy \[i.e. anticoagulation therapy (e.g. warfarin) that cannot be stopped for 72 hours prior to bone marrow aspiration and intramyocardial injections\] * Patients receiving anti-platelet therapy (e.g. clopidogrel) that cannot be stopped for 7 days prior to bone marrow aspiration and intramyocardial injections * Known cancer and undergoing treatment including chemotherapy and radiotherapy * Patients who will require continuous, systemic, high dose corticosteroid therapy (more than 7.5 mg/day) within 6 months after surgery * End stage renal disease requiring dialysis * Patients pregnant or lactating; positive for hCG * History of alcohol consumption regularly exceeding the equivalent of 2 drinks/day (1 drink = 5 oz of wine or 12 oz \[360mL\] of beer or 1.5 oz \[45mL\] of hard liquor) or history of illicit drug use within 6 months of screening * Known allergies to protein products (horse or bovine serum, or porcine trypsin) * Body Mass Index of 40 Kg/m2 or greater * Patients receiving experimental medications or participating in another clinical study within 30 days of screening * HIV or syphilis, positive at time of screening * Active Hepatitis B, or Hepatitis C infection at time of screening * In the opinion of the investigator, patient is unsuitable for cellular therapy * Patients receiving anti-angiogenic drugs