Transdermal Nicotine in Female Patients at High Risk for Post Operative Nausea and/or Vomiting (PONV)

Inclusion Criteria: * age 18-65 * female * health patient or acute illness * undergoing outpatient-type general surgery, especially those associated with increased incidence of post-operative nausea and/or vomiting such as gynecological procedures * undergoing general anesthesia for the surgery * receiving opioids during surgery * non-smokers Exclusion Criteria: * history of any heart condition * history of uncontrolled hypertension, or presence of any condition that could be made drastically worse by an increase in blood pressure * history of an aneurysm * active tobacco use within the past five years * works or lives in the presence of cigarette smoke * pregnant * mentally ill * prisoners * history of allergic reaction to nicotine or to adhesive patches * history of allergic reaction to propofol, versed, fentanyl, zofran, decadron, and reglan