Since 1999, labor pain control has being performed in China, and the initial time of analgesia is at the cervix \>= 2 cm. Meanwhile, American Society of Obstetrics \& Gynecology recommended that the labor analgesia with neuraxial block should be performed at the cervix \>= 4 cm in 2002. After that, the threshold has been revised to at least \>= 2 cm in 2006 by the Society. However, in China, the practice of labor analgesia with neuraxial block has being performed for over seven years. Up until now, the practice has being experienced during this ten-year period at the cervix around 1 cm. The investigators hypothesized that labor pain control in different stages had different characteristics and had different influence on patients short- and long-lasting outcomes. This study is mainly investigating different labor analgesia procedures in different stages since the initiation of the practice in 1999, and assessing their influence on the outcomes to display the trajectory of development of labor analgesia in China of which might fit to the the whole process of the study of labor analgesia throughout the world. All these were done by analyzing the data records since from January 1999 to December 2008.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
40,000
Records regarding combined spinal-epidural analgesia with patient-controlled pump
Records regarding combined spinal-epidural analgesia with intermittent bolus injection
Records regarding epidural analgesia with patient-controlled pump
Records regarding epidural analgesia with intermittent bolus injection
Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital
Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Rate of cesarean delivery
Time frame: Analgesia initiation to successful vaginal delivery
Rate of instrument-assisted delivery
Time frame: Analgesia initiation to successful vaginal delivery
Indications of cesarean delivery
Time frame: Analgesia initiation to cesarean section
Maternal Visual Analog Scale (VAS) rating of pain
Time frame: Prior to analgesia, latent phrase, active phrase, second stage of labor, posterior to vaginal delivery
Duration of analgesia
Time frame: Initiation of analgesia to the disappearance of sensory block
Maternal satisfaction with analgesia
Time frame: At the end of the vaginal delivery
Maternal oral temperature
Time frame: Analgesia initiation to successful vaginal delivery
Use of oxytocin after analgesia
Time frame: After analgesia to vaginal delivery
Low back pain at 3 months after vaginal delivery
Time frame: At the third month after vaginal delivery
Breastfeeding success at 6 weeks after vaginal delivery
Time frame: At the sixth week after successful delivery
Neonatal one-minute Apgar scale
Time frame: At the first minute of baby was born
Neonatal five-minute Apgar scale
Time frame: At the fifth minute of baby was born
Incidence of maternal side effects
Time frame: Analgesia initiation to successful vaginal delivery
Umbilical-cord gases analysis
Time frame: At the time baby was born
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