Probiotics for Girls With Recurring Urinary Tract Infections

Inclusion Criteria: * Girls age 1 through age 17 years of age * Must have had at least 3 symptomatic UTI, uncomplicated or complicated, in the year preceding study inclusion or already using any form of prophylaxis to prevent recurrences of UTI * Must have had at least 3 symptomatic urinary tract infections in the year before the start of the prophylaxis. Exclusion Criteria: * Breastfeeding * Pregnancy * Prior adverse reaction to sulfa drugs or sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim * Known immunosuppression i.e., transplant recipients or children with congenital immunodeficiencies * Poorly controlled diabetes * Untreated HIV infection * Use of high dose corticosteroids for autoimmune diseases or post-organ transplantation. Inhaled corticosteroids or oral steroids for asthma are allowed. * Malnutrition * Patients with a history of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim-resistant UTI will be excluded from the study * Patients with renal insufficiency, liver insufficiency, or cardiopulmonary disease requiring medication will be excluded from the study * Patients with known anemia will be excluded from the study * Patients taking medications that may interact with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim will be excluded from the study * Patients taking other probiotics will be excluded from the study * Patients already taking prophylactic antibiotics will be excluded from the study