Patients with previously treated multiple myeloma and kidney dysfunction will be treated with lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone. Phase I will study the side effects and best dose of lenalidomide when given together with low-dose dexamethasone therapy. After the maximum safe and tolerated dose is found in Phase I, the study will proceed to Phase II. Phase II will study how well the the treatment works in patients with previously treated (relapsed or refractory) multiple myeloma and kidney dysfunction. Biological therapies, such as lenalidomide, may stimulate the immune system in different ways and stop cancer cells from growing. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as dexamethasone, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving lenalidomide together with dexamethasone may kill more cancer cells. Lenalidomide and dexamethasone may have different effects in patients who have changes in their kidney function.
Multiple Myeloma (MM) affects approximately 20,000 Americans annually and remains an incurable hematologic malignancy characterized by frequent early response followed by universal treatment relapse necessitating multiple sequential therapeutic regimens. Until recently, few effective therapies existed. Several novel agents for MM have now become available including the immunomodulatory drugs thalidomide, lenalidomide, as well as the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib. Each of these agents is undergoing extensive clinical evaluation in combination with other therapies to produce unprecedented response rates in newly diagnosed and relapsed MM. Lenalidomide has proven to be a highly effective treatment agent, particularly when used in combination with dexamethasone but is renally excreted and little information is available about its use in myeloma patients with impaired kidney function (20% have renal failure at some time after diagnosis). Defining a safe and effective dose of lenalidomide to use is a critical step in MM treatment. OUTLINE: This is a Phase I, dose-escalation study of lenalidomide followed by a Phase II study. Patients are stratified according to degree of renal dysfunction (moderate \[creatinine clearance 30-60 mL/min\] vs severe \[creatinine clearance \<30 mL/min and does not require dialysis\] vs end-stage renal disease \[creatinine clearance \<30 mL/min and requires dialysis\]). Patients receive oral lenalidomide on days 1-21 and low-dose oral dexamethasone 40 mg on days 1, 8, 15, and 22. There is a 7 day rest (days 22-28) from lenalidomide. Each cycle is 28 days and repeated in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients enrolled in the phase II portion of the study will undergo blood sample collection periodically for pharmacokinetic analysis of lenalidomide (Mayo Clinic sites only). After completion of study treatment, patients are followed every 6 months for up to 3 years.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
63
Given by mouth days 1-21 of a 28-day cycle. There is a 7 day rest (days 22-28). Continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
40 mg given by mouth days 1, 8, 15 and 22 of a 28-day cycle. Continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Anticoagulation consisted of aspirin at either 81 mg/day or 325 mg/day at the physician's discretion. Heparin, low molecular weight heparin, or coumadin could be used if the patient was intolerant to aspirin.
Mayo Clinic in Arizona
Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
Emory University Winship Cancer
Atlanta, Georgia, United States
University of IL at Chicago
Chicago, Illinois, United States
McFarland Clinic
Ames, Iowa, United States
Siouxland Hematology Oncology Associates
Sioux City, Iowa, United States
Michigan Cancer Research Consortium and Oncology Research- St. Joseph Mercy Hospital - Ann Arbor
Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota, United States
Metro MN CCOP
Saint Louis Park, Minnesota, United States
Missouri Valley Cancer Consortium
Omaha, Nebraska, United States
Kinston Medical Specialists
Kinston, North Carolina, United States
...and 6 more locations
Number of Participants in Phase I Component With Dose Limiting Toxicities During the First Cycle of Therapy
Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT) was defined as any of the following events determined by the investigator to be possibly, probably, or definitely related to lenalidomide within the first cycle of therapy irrespective of whether the adverse events resolved: * Grade 3 or higher neutropenia with fever ≥38.5 degrees C * Grade 4 neutropenia ≥7 days * Grade 4 or higher thrombocytopenia * Other non-hematologic Grade 4 or higher adverse event not present prior to starting therapy or not due to underlying cause
Time frame: First cycle of therapy (28 days)
Percentage of Participants Who Experience a Response [sCR, CR, VGPR, PR]
Per International Myeloma Working Group criteria, complete response (CR): negative immunofixation of serum and urine, normalization of free light chain (FLC) ratio if at study entry FLC was only measurable non-bone parameter, \<5% plasma cells in bone marrow, disappearance of any soft tissue plasma cytomas; stringent complete response (sCR): all of above, + normal serum FLC ratio in all patients and absence of clonal cells in bone marrow by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence; partial response (PR): \>=50% reduction of serum M-protein and reduction in 24-hour urinary M-protein by \>=90% or to \< 200 mg per 24 hours, \>=50% decrease in difference between involved and uninvolved FLC levels or a 50% decrease in level of involved FLC with 50% decrease in ratio, \>=50% reduction in bone marrow plasma cells, if baseline percentage was \>=30%, \>=50% reduction in size of soft tissue plasmacytoma; very good partial response (VGPR): PR + improvements in serum and urine M-components
Time frame: 56 months
Overall Survival Time
Overall survival is the time from registration to death from any cause. Patients alive at the time of analysis were censored at the date last known alive.
Time frame: 56 months
Duration of Response
Duration of response was defined as time between the onset of response and disease progression in months, among patients treated at the recommended phase II dose who experienced a response to treatment. Per criteria of the International Myeloma Working Group, progressive disease was defined as one of the following: increase of 25% from best confirmed response in serum M-component, urine M-component, free light chain (FLC), bone marrow plasma cell percentage, or development of new or increase in size of bone lesions or soft tissue plasma cytomas. Development of hypercalcemia that can be attributed solely to the myeloma also constituted progression.
Time frame: 56 months
Worst Degree Treatment-Related Adverse Events Across All Event Types Per Patient
The highest degree of any adverse event experienced by each patient, as assessed by NCI CTCAE Version 4, with an attribution of possibly, probably, or definitely related to treatment. Reportable adverse events included those occurring while on treatment or within 30 days of the end of treatment.
Time frame: 56 months
Renal Function Over Time
To describe renal function over time and to evaluate the safety profile of a onetime increase in lenalidomide dose at least 2 cycles after start of treatment due to improved renal function.
Time frame: 56 months
Pharmacokinetics of Lenalidomide in Impaired Renal Function
To determine the pharmacokinetics of lenalidomide administration in myeloma patients with impaired renal function (pharmacokinetic analysis will be performed in up to 12 consented Mayo Clinic subjects treated during the Phase II component of the trial (only).
Time frame: 56 months
Progression-free Survival
Progression-free survival is the time from registration to disease progression or death. Patients alive without disease progression were censored at the time of the last disease assessment.
Time frame: 56 months
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