The goal of this clinical research study is to learn if cyclophosphamide given after busulfan and fludarabine can help to prevent graft versus host disease (GVHD - a condition in which transplanted tissue attacks the body into which it is transplanted) in patients receiving a stem cell transplant. The safety of this drug combination will also be studied.
The Study Drugs: Busulfan is designed to bind to DNA (the genetic material of cells), which may cause cancer cells to die. Fludarabine is designed to make cancer cells less able to repair damaged DNA. This may increase the likelihood of the cells dying. Cyclophosphamide is designed to interfere with the multiplication of cancer cells, which may slow or stop their growth and spread throughout the body. This may cause the cancer cells to die. It is also designed to suppress the immune system and help prevent GVHD. Study Drug Administration and Transplant: If you are an inpatient, on Day -8 (8 days before the date of transplant), you will receive a low-level test dose of busulfan through a needle in your vein over 1 hour. If you are an outpatient, on Day -30 through Day -8, you will receive a low-level test dose of busulfan through a needle in your vein over 1 hour each day. You will be given an anti-seizure drug to help prevent seizures each time you receive busulfan. Your doctor will explain how the drug will be given and the drug's risks. Seizures are a rare but serious side effect of busulfan. On Days -8, -6, and -4, blood (about 1 teaspoon each time) will then be drawn a total of 11 times for pharmacokinetic (PK) testing. PK testing measures the amount of study drug in the body at different time points. This PK testing will be done to find the dose of busulfan needed for your body size on the other days that you receive busulfan. On Day -6 through Day -3, you will receive your body-specific dose of busulfan by vein over 3 hours each day. If you cannot have the blood level tests performed for any reason, you will receive the standard busulfan dose. You will receive fludarabine through a needle in your vein over 1 hour on each of these days before you receive busulfan. On Day 0, you will receive the donor bone marrow or blood stem cells by vein over about 1 hour. On Day +3 and Day +4, you will receive cyclophosphamide by vein over 3 hours. On Days +3 thru +5 just before the first dose of cyclophosphamide and then every 4 hours, you will receive mesna by vein over 30 minutes for a total of 10 doses. Mesna is a drug that protects bladder cells from damage by chemotherapy drugs. It is used to decrease the risk of bleeding in the bladder. Once a day starting on Day +7, you will receive filgrastim (G-CSF -- a drug that helps with the growth of white blood cells) through a needle under your skin until your blood cell levels reach "recovered" levels for 3 days in a row. Study Visits: Every day you are in the hospital and at each outpatient visit, you will have a physical exam to check for symptoms of GVHD. Blood (about 3 teaspoons) will be drawn at least 2 times a week for the first 100 days after the transplant for routine tests. About 1 month after your transplant, then once every 3 months up to a year, the following tests and procedures will be performed: * Blood (about 5 tablespoons) will be drawn for routine tests and to check for CMV. Blood draws may be repeated more often, if you doctor thinks it is needed. * Urine will be collected for routine tests. * You will have a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy to check the status of the disease. At Months 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 after your transplant, blood (about 4 tablespoons) will be drawn to check the status of your immune system. Tests and procedures may be repeated more often during the study, if your doctor thinks it is needed. Length of Study: You will be on study in the hospital for about 4 weeks. You will be taken off study if the disease gets worse or if the study doctor thinks it is in your best interest. Long-Term Follow-Up: After the first 24 months, you will receive either a phone call or a letter from the study doctor or your regular doctor 1 time each year to check the status of the disease. If you are contacted by mail, you will be given a self-addressed stamped envelope with which you can return your responses to the doctor. This is an investigational study. Busulfan is FDA approved and commercially available for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Fludarabine is FDA approved and commercially available for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Cyclophosphamide is FDA approved and commercially available for the treatment of lymphoma. The use of these drugs together for the possible prevention of GVHD is investigational. Up to 40 participants will take part in this study. All will be enrolled at M. D. Anderson.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
56
Starting dose of 32 mg/m\^2 by vein over 3 hours each day. Test dose day -8 (inpatient) or test dose day -30 to day -8 (outpatient) and then, days -6,-5,-4, and -3.
Dose of 40 mg/m\^2 by vein over 1 hour each day on Day -6 through Day -3 before receiving Busulfan.
Dose of 50 mg/kg by vein over 3 hours on Days 3 and 4.
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, Texas, United States
Cumulative Incidence of Grade II to IV Acute GVHD
Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) defined as grade 2 to 4 GVHD within first 100 days post transplant. Death or disease progression before diagnosis of GVHD were considered competing risks in the estimation of the incidence of acute GVHD.
Time frame: 100 days post transplant
Cumulative Incidence of Grade III to IV Acute GVHD
Graft Versus Host Disease (GVHD) defined as grade 3 to 4 GVHD within first 100 days post transplant. Death or disease progression before diagnosis of GVHD were considered competing risks in the estimation of the incidence of acute GVHD.
Time frame: 100 days post transplant
Day-100 Treatment-Related Mortality
Treatment-Related Mortality (TRM) was estimated from the date of transplant using the cumulative incidence method to account for competing risks. Disease progression or relapse death were considered competing risk for TRM.
Time frame: 100 days post transplant
Rate of Engraftment
Engraftment defined as the evidence of donor derived cells (more than 5%) by bone marrow chimerism studies in the presence of neutrophil recovery by day 28 post stem cell (SC) infusion. Engraftment date is the first day of three (3) consecutive days that the ANC exceeds 0.5 x109/L. Delayed engraftment is defined as the evidence of engraftment beyond day 28 post SC infusion achieved after the administration of therapeutic (high dose) hematopoietic growth factors.
Time frame: From engraftment to 60 days post transplant
2-year Progression-Free Survival
Progression-free survival (PFS) is defined as the interval between day of transplant and day of death or disease progression.
Time frame: First 25-35 days post transplant and then every 3 months for a maximum of 2 years
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
2-year Overall Survival
Overall Survival (OS) is defined as the interval between day of transplant and day of death.
Time frame: First 25-35 days post transplant and then every 3 months for a maximum of 2 years