Previous studies on animals suggest that inhalational anesthetics can reduce vascular tension in vitro resulting in vasodilation and decrease in blood pressure. This role for inhalational anesthetics has essential clinical implications such as the condition of sepsis or septic shock or other shock-associated states during which the blood vessel constricts strongly and leads to circulation dysfunction. The vasodilation property of these anesthetics including halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane and enflurane enables them to be better options than other general anesthetics in many clinical conditions needing the vasculature to be dilated. The investigators hypothesized that these inhalational anesthetics can evoke vasodilation measured with ultrasonography during general anesthesia in vivo as the in vitro studies displayed.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE
Enrollment
300
Induction: 2-4% halothane pluses 3-5 L/min oxygen Maintenance: different doses from 0.5% to 3% with 1-2 L/min oxygen
Induction: 2-5% isoflurane pluses 3-5 L/min oxygen Maintenance: different doses from 1% to 4% with 1-2 L/min oxygen
Induction: 3-8% sevoflurane pluses 3-5 L/min oxygen Maintenance: different doses from 1% to 4% with 1-2 L/min oxygen
Induction: 2-8% desflurane pluses 3-5 L/min oxygen Maintenance: different doses from 1% to 4% with 1-2 L/min oxygen
Induction: 2-5% enflurane pluses 3-5 L/min oxygen Maintenance: different doses from 1% to 4% with 1-2 L/min oxygen
Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital
Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
Ultrasonography of blood vessels including radial artery, brachial artery, femoral artery, popliteal artery
Time frame: Ten min prior to anesthesia; 0 min of anesthesia; 0 min of the end of anesthesia induction; 5, 10, 20, 30, 60 min during maintenance of the anesthesia
Blood flow volume during anesthesia of the vasculature
Time frame: Ten min prior to anesthesia; 0 min of anesthesia; 0 min of the end of anesthesia induction; 5, 10, 20, 30, 60 min during maintenance of the anesthesia
Blood pressure including systolic, diastolic and mean artery blood pressures
Time frame: Ten min prior to anesthesia; 0 min of anesthesia; 0 min of the end of anesthesia induction; 5, 10, 20, 30, 60 min during maintenance of the anesthesia
The time interval of between the initiation of the inhalational anesthetics delivered to the beginning of decreasing of blood pressure
Time frame: From the beginning of anesthesia (0 min) till the first time of blood pressure decreased, this measure would be varied according to different individuals
The total dose of phenylephrine required to maintain baseline arterial blood pressure
Time frame: From the beginning of anesthesia (0 min) to 20 min after anesthesia begun
Regression and correlation analyses between different doses of the anesthetics and the extent of vasodilation
Time frame: Forty eight hours after operation
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