The Effect of Music by Mozart on Energy Expenditure in Growing Preterm Infants

Inclusion Criteria: * appropriate weight for gestational age * postmenstrual age of 30-37 weeks * gavage fed * tolerating full enteral feedings without significant gastric residuals (\>5% of total feed) * no electrolyte imbalance Exclusion Criteria: * congenital anomalies * dysmorphism * intracranial hemorrhage of any grade * periventricular leukomalacia * necrotizing enterocolitis * supplemental oxygen requirements by 28 days of age or by 36 weeks of postmenstrual age and at least 1 week prior to measurement * active infection * patent ductus arteriosus * apnea of prematurity