Tissue Characterization in Teeth Treated With a Regeneration Protocol

Inclusion Criteria: * Patient Inclusion Criteria: * Healthy volunteers ages 10-60 with a non-restorable (as determined by referring dentist), permanent tooth with a necrotic pulp and incomplete root development. * Persons who seem to be cooperative with dental treatment and able to indicate willingness to obtain treatment and participate in the study and who are capable of verbally expressing dissent. * Parents who express understanding of study treatments and consent to treatment for their child of the regenerative procedure. * Healthy patients (ASA Class I or II physical status) with no systemic health problems that may interfere with healing and cell growth. * Tooth inclusion criteria: * Permanent tooth with necrotic pulp and immature root development, scheduled for extraction due to non-restorability. * Clinically confirmed necrotic pulp that will be confirmed with common endodontic pulp vitality tests (No response to cold or electric pulp test). * Clinically confirmed immature root development that will be assessed radiographically to confirm the non-restorability as diagnosed by the referring dentist. Exclusion Criteria: * Patient Exclusion Criteria: * Parents and patients unable to give consent or express dissent. * Patients who are unwilling to undergo the dental treatment. * Patients affected by temporomandibular joint disorders. * Patients affected by known orofacial pain disorders. * Patients with ASA Class III or IV physical status (Immuno-compromised patients including patients who self-report that they are an HIV carrier, undergoing steroid therapy or chemotherapy, or those who self-report with genetic or systemic diseases that could result in reduced immune response). * Tooth Exclusion Criteria: * Teeth with vertical cracks that extend below the cemento-enamel junction. * Teeth that cannot be isolated using a rubber dam. * Teeth with non-odontogenic pathology. * Teeth whose apices are fully developed, as determined radiographically and correlated with dental age of patient.