Study of Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetic Kidney Transplant Recipients

Inclusion Criteria: * Male and female subjects * Age 18 to 70 years of age * Have insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 * Are post-renal transplant on maintenance immunosuppression with stable renal function * HbA1c \> 7.5% or \< 7.5% and hypoglycemia unawareness Exclusion Criteria: * Weight more than 90 kg * Insulin requirement \> 60 Units/day * Other (non-kidney) organ transplants except prior failed pancreatic graft. * Untreated or unstable proliferative diabetic retinopathy * Presence of de novo antibody production since the renal allograft or either Class I or Class II panel-reactive anti-HLA antibodies * Active infection * Negative screen for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) * Any history of malignancy except for completely resected squamous or basal cell carcinoma of the skin * History of Factor V Leiden mutation * Any coagulopathy or medical condition requiring long-term anticoagulant therapy (e.g. warfarin) after transplantation (low-dose aspirin treatment is allowed) or subjects with international normalized ratio (INR) \> 1.5 * Severe co-existing cardiac disease * Persistent elevation of liver function tests at the time of study entry * Acute or chronic pancreatitis * Male subjects with elevation of prostate specific antigen * Pregnancy * Positive screen for polyoma (BK) virus * Untreated hyperlipidemia * Recent hemorrhagic stroke * Factors associated with an increased risk of bleeding Contact PI for complete Incl-Excl criteria list.